Syllabus of English for Government Jobs

Here's a comprehensive list of English grammar items:

1. Parts of Speech

• Nouns
  
• Pronouns
• Verbs
• Adjectives
• Adverbs
• Prepositions
• Conjunctions
• Interjections
• Articles (Definite and Indefinite)
• Quizzes and Tests

2. Types of Nouns

• Common Nouns
• Proper Nouns
• Concrete Nouns
• Abstract Nouns
• Collective Nouns
• Compound Nouns
• Quizzes and Tests

3.  Forms of Nouns

• Singular Nouns
• Plural Nouns (Regular and Irregular Plurals)
• Possessive Nouns
• Quizzes and Tests

4.  Functions of Nouns

• Subject of a Sentence
• Object of a Verb (Direct Object and Indirect Object)
• Object of a Preposition
• Subject Complement
• Object Complement
• Appositives
• Quizzes and Tests

5.  Gender of Nouns

• Masculine
• Feminine
• Neuter
• Common Gender
• Quizzes and Tests

6.  Countability

• Countable Nouns
• Uncountable (Mass) Nouns
• Quizzes and Tests

7.  Noun Phrases

• Structure of Noun Phrases
• Noun Phrases with Determiners
• Noun Phrases with Modifiers (Adjectives, Articles, etc.)
• Quizzes and Tests

8.  Articles with Nouns

• Definite Article (the)
• Indefinite Articles (a, an)
• Zero Article (No article)
• Quizzes and Tests

9.  Nouns in Compound Structures

• Compound Nouns
• Hyphenated Nouns
• Open Compound Nouns
• Quizzes and Tests

10.  Possessive Nouns

• Singular Possessive
• Plural Possessive
• Irregular Possessive Forms
• Quizzes and Tests

11.  Nouns and Adjectives

• Attributive Nouns (Nouns used as Adjectives)
• Nouns and Adjective Placement
• Quizzes and Tests

12.  Pluralization Rules

• Regular Plural Forms (adding -s or -es)
• Irregular Plural Forms
• Plural Forms of Compound Nouns
• Plural Forms of Foreign Words
• Quizzes and Tests

13.  Nouns in Sentences

• Subject-Verb Agreement with Nouns
• Nouns in Complex Sentences
• Nouns in Questions
• Nouns in Commands
• Quizzes and Tests

14.  Common Noun Usage Errors

• Misplaced Nouns
• Redundant Nouns
• Incorrect Pluralization
• Incorrect Possessive Form
• Quizzes and Tests

15.  Types of Pronouns

• Personal Pronouns
• Subject Pronouns
• Object Pronouns
• Possessive Pronouns
• Reflexive Pronouns
• Demonstrative Pronouns
• Interrogative Pronouns
• Relative Pronouns
• Indefinite Pronouns
• Reciprocal Pronouns
• Intensive Pronouns
• Quizzes and Tests

16. Personal Pronouns

• Subject Pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, they)
• Object Pronouns (me, you, him, her, it, us, them)
• Quizzes and Tests

17. Possessive Pronouns

• Mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
• Quizzes and Tests

18. Reflexive Pronouns

• Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
• Quizzes and Tests

19. Demonstrative Pronouns

• This, That, These, Those
• Quizzes and Tests

20.  Interrogative Pronouns

• Who, Whom, Whose, Which, What
• Quizzes and Tests

21.  Relative Pronouns

• Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That
• Quizzes and Tests

22.  Indefinite Pronouns

• Singular Indefinite Pronouns (anyone, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody, anybody, etc.)
• Plural Indefinite Pronouns (few, many, others, several, both, etc.)
• Singular or Plural Indefinite Pronouns (all, any, more, most, none, some, etc.)
• Quizzes and Tests

23.  Reciprocal Pronouns

• Each other
• One another
• Quizzes and Tests

24.  Intensive Pronouns

• Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves (used for emphasis)
• Quizzes and Tests

25.  Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

• Agreement in Number
• Agreement in Gender
• Agreement in Person

26.  Case of Pronouns

• Nominative Case (Subject Pronouns)
• Objective Case (Object Pronouns)
• Possessive Case (Possessive Pronouns)

27.  Usage of Pronouns

• Pronouns in Compound Structures
• Pronouns in Comparisons
• Pronouns in Questions
• Pronouns in Commands

28.  Pronouns and Clarity

• Avoiding Ambiguity
• Clear Referents

29.  Pronouns in Different Contexts

• Pronouns in Academic Writing
• Pronouns in Spoken English
• Pronouns in Literature

30.  Common Pronoun Errors

• Pronoun-Antecedent Disagreement
• Incorrect Pronoun Case
• Vague Pronoun Reference
• Unnecessary Pronouns

31.  Advanced Pronoun Use

• Pronouns in Complex Sentences
• Pronouns in Conditional Sentences
• Pronouns in Passive Voice
• Pronouns with Gerunds and Infinitives

32.  Types of Adjectives

• Descriptive Adjectives
• Quantitative Adjectives
• Numeral Adjectives
• Demonstrative Adjectives
• Possessive Adjectives
• Interrogative Adjectives
• Distributive Adjectives
• Proper Adjectives
• Compound Adjectives

33.  Forms of Adjectives

• Positive Degree
• Comparative Degree
• Superlative Degree
• Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives

34.  Functions of Adjectives

• Attributive Adjectives (Adjectives used before nouns)
• Predicative Adjectives (Adjectives used after linking verbs)

35.  Order of Adjectives

• Opinion
• Size
• Age
• Shape
• Color
• Origin
• Material
• Purpose

36.  Adjective Phrases

• Structure of Adjective Phrases
• Adjective Phrases with Modifiers
• Adjective Phrases with Complements

37.  Adjective Clauses (Relative Clauses)

• Defining Relative Clauses
• Non-Defining Relative Clauses

38.  Comparison of Adjectives

• Forming Comparatives and Superlatives
• Using "more" and "most"
• Using "less" and "least"

39.  Compound Adjectives

• Hyphenated Compound Adjectives
• Open Compound Adjectives
• Closed Compound Adjectives

40.  Position of Adjectives

• Adjectives before Nouns
• Adjectives after Linking Verbs
• Adjectives in Adjective Phrases

41.  Quantifiers and Adjectives

• Using Quantifiers with Adjectives
• Quantifiers as Adjectives

42.  Articles and Adjectives

• Adjectives with Definite Articles (the)
• Adjectives with Indefinite Articles (a, an)
• Adjectives with Zero Article (No article)

43.  Adjectives and Adverbs

• Adjectives vs. Adverbs
• Adjectives used as Adverbs
• Adverbs modifying Adjectives

44.  Common Adjective + Preposition Combinations

• Examples of Common Combinations
• Usage in Sentences

45.  Adjectives in Comparison Structures

• Comparatives with "than"
• Superlatives with "of" or "in"

46.  Adjectives in Fixed Expressions

• Idiomatic Expressions with Adjectives
• Collocations with Adjectives

47.  Adjectives in Different Contexts

• Formal Adjectives
• Informal Adjectives
• Adjectives in Academic Writing
• Adjectives in Spoken English

48.  Common Adjective Errors

• Misplaced Adjectives
• Redundant Adjectives
• Incorrect Order of Adjectives
• Incorrect Comparatives and Superlatives

49.  Advanced Adjective Use

• Adjectives in Complex Sentences
• Adjectives with Gerunds and Infinitives
• Adjectives in Passive Voice

50.  Types of Verbs

• Action Verbs
• Linking Verbs
• Auxiliary (Helping) Verbs
• Modal Verbs
• Transitive Verbs
• Intransitive Verbs
• Stative Verbs
• Dynamic Verbs
• Regular Verbs
• Irregular Verbs
• Phrasal Verbs

51.  Verb Forms

• Base Form
• Past Form
• Past Participle
• Present Participle (Gerund)
• Infinitive (with "to" and bare infinitive)

52.  Verb Tenses

53. Present Tense

• Simple Present
• Present Continuous (Progressive)
• Present Perfect
• Present Perfect Continuous

54. Past Tense

• Simple Past
• Past Continuous (Progressive)
• Past Perfect
• Past Perfect Continuous

55. Future Tense

• Simple Future
• Future Continuous (Progressive)
• Future Perfect
• Future Perfect Continuous

56. Verb Aspects

• Simple Aspect
• Continuous (Progressive) Aspect
• Perfect Aspect
• Perfect Continuous (Perfect Progressive) Aspect

57. Verb Voices

• Active Voice
• Passive Voice

58. Verb Moods

• Indicative Mood
• Imperative Mood
• Subjunctive Mood

59. Modal Verbs

• Can, Could
• May, Might
• Shall, Should
• Will, Would
• Must
• Ought to
• Need, Dare

•  Auxiliary (Helping) Verbs

• Be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been)
• Have (have, has, had, having)
• Do (do, does, did, doing)

•  Verb Patterns

• Verb + Infinitive
• Verb + Gerund
• Verb + Infinitive without "to"
• Verb + Object + Infinitive
• Verb + Object + Gerund

•  Verb Agreement

• Subject-Verb Agreement
• Compound Subjects
• Indefinite Pronouns as Subjects

•  Phrasal Verbs

• Separable Phrasal Verbs
• Inseparable Phrasal Verbs
• Three-word Phrasal Verbs

•  State and Action Verbs

• Differences in Usage
• Common State Verbs (e.g., know, believe, like)
• Common Action Verbs (e.g., run, write, eat)

•  Irregular Verbs

• Common Irregular Verbs List
• Patterns in Irregular Verbs

•  Verb Complements

• Direct Objects
• Indirect Objects
• Subject Complements
• Object Complements

•  Verbals

• Gerunds
• Infinitives
• Participles

•  Conditional Sentences

• Zero Conditional
• First Conditional
• Second Conditional
• Third Conditional
• Mixed Conditionals

•  Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)

• Reporting Verbs
• Changes in Tense
• Changes in Pronouns
• Changes in Time and Place Expressions

•  Common Verb Errors

• Tense Consistency
• Incorrect Verb Form
• Subject-Verb Agreement Errors
• Misuse of Modals

•  Advanced Verb Usage

• Subjunctive Mood in Formal English
• Passive Voice in Different Tenses
• Verb Tenses in Narrative Writing

•  Types of Adverbs

• Adverbs of Manner
• Adverbs of Place
• Adverbs of Time
• Adverbs of Frequency
• Adverbs of Degree
• Adverbs of Reason
• Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation
• Relative Adverbs
• Interrogative Adverbs

•  Forms of Adverbs

• Simple Adverbs
• Compound Adverbs
• Relative Adverbs (where, when, why, how)
• Interrogative Adverbs (how, when, where, why)

•  Adverbial Phrases

• Structure of Adverbial Phrases
• Adverbial Phrases of Manner
• Adverbial Phrases of Place
• Adverbial Phrases of Time
• Adverbial Phrases of Frequency
• Adverbial Phrases of Degree
• Adverbial Phrases of Reason

•  Degrees of Comparison

• Positive Degree
• Comparative Degree
• Superlative Degree

•  Positions of Adverbs

• Front Position (beginning of the sentence)
• Mid Position (before the main verb or between auxiliary verb and main verb)
• End Position (end of the sentence)

•  Order of Adverbs

• Adverbs of Manner, Place, and Time
• Adverbs of Frequency and Degree

•  Adverbs Modifying Different Parts of Speech

• Modifying Verbs
• Modifying Adjectives
• Modifying Other Adverbs
• Modifying Clauses or Sentences

•  Adverbs in Different Sentence Structures

• Simple Sentences
• Compound Sentences
• Complex Sentences

•  Formation of Adverbs

• Formation from Adjectives
• Irregular Adverbs
• Adjectives and Adverbs with the same form

•  Common Adverbial Constructions

• Adverbial Clauses
• Adverbial Phrases
• Adverbial Participles

•  Interrogative Adverbs

• How
• When
• Where
• Why

•  Relative Adverbs

• Where
• When
• Why

•  Intensifiers

• Very, Too, Enough
• So, Such, Quite
• Absolutely, Completely

•  Adverbs of Certainty

• Certainly, Definitely, Probably
• Surely, Undoubtedly

•  Negation with Adverbs

• Not, Never, Hardly
• Barely, Scarcely, No longer

•  Common Adverb Usage Errors

• Misplaced Adverbs
• Redundant Adverbs
• Incorrect Order of Adverbs

•  Adverbs and Adjectives

• Differences between Adverbs and Adjectives
• Adjectives vs. Adverbs in Comparison
• Adjectives used as Adverbs

•  Adverbs in Phrasal Verbs

• Role of Adverbs in Phrasal Verbs
• Common Phrasal Verbs with Adverbs

•  Advanced Adverb Usage

• Adverbs in Formal and Informal English
• Adverbs in Academic Writing
• Adverbs in Literature and Creative Writing

•  Types of Prepositions

• Prepositions of Time
• Prepositions of Place
• Prepositions of Direction
• Prepositions of Manner
• Prepositions of Agent or Instrument
• Prepositions of Reason or Purpose

•  Common Prepositions

• Simple Prepositions (at, in, on, by, for, with, about, etc.)
• Compound Prepositions (according to, due to, because of, in front of, etc.)
• Phrasal Prepositions (in spite of, on behalf of, in addition to, etc.)

•  Prepositions of Time

• At (specific times)
• On (days and dates)
• In (months, years, centuries, long periods)
• During, For, Since, Until, By, Within, etc.

•  Prepositions of Place

• At (specific points)
• In (enclosed spaces)
• On (surfaces)
• Under, Over, Between, Among, Next to, Beside, Behind, In front of, etc.

•  Prepositions of Direction

• To, From, Into, Out of, Onto, Off, Up, Down, Across, Through, etc.

•  Prepositions of Manner

• By, With, Like, As, In the manner of, etc.

•  Prepositions of Agent or Instrument

• By (agent)
• With (instrument)

•  Prepositions of Reason or Purpose

• For, Because of, Due to, Owing to, etc.

•  Prepositional Phrases

• Definition and Structure
• Function of Prepositional Phrases (as Adjectives and Adverbs)
• Examples of Common Prepositional Phrases

•  Complex Prepositions

• Prepositions + Noun + Prepositions (in front of, on account of, etc.)
• Prepositions + Prepositions (out of, from behind, etc.)

•  Prepositions and Verbs

• Verbs Followed by Specific Prepositions (depend on, believe in, etc.)
• Prepositional Verbs

•  Prepositions and Adjectives

• Adjectives Followed by Specific Prepositions (afraid of, good at, etc.)

•  Prepositions and Nouns

• Nouns Followed by Specific Prepositions (reason for, effect on, etc.)

•  Prepositions in Questions

• Position of Prepositions in Questions
• Ending Sentences with Prepositions

•  Prepositions with Pronouns

• Object Pronouns after Prepositions
• Reflexive Pronouns with Prepositions

•  Idiomatic Expressions with Prepositions

• Common Idiomatic Phrases (in time, at risk, on purpose, etc.)

•  Prepositions in Passive Constructions

• Use of Prepositions in Passive Voice

•  Prepositions of Concession

• Despite, In spite of

•  Common Errors with Prepositions

• Incorrect Prepositions
• Unnecessary Prepositions
• Preposition Omission

•  Advanced Usage

• Prepositions in Formal Writing
• Prepositions in Informal Speech
• Regional Variations in Prepositional Usage

•  Practice and Application

• Exercises on Identifying and Using Prepositions
• Practice Sentences and Paragraphs
• Error Correction Exercises

•  Types of Conjunctions

• Coordinating Conjunctions
• Subordinating Conjunctions
• Correlative Conjunctions

•  Coordinating Conjunctions

• Definition and Function
• Common Coordinating Conjunctions (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So - FANBOYS)
• Examples of Use in Sentences

•  Subordinating Conjunctions

• Definition and Function
• Common Subordinating Conjunctions (Because, Although, Since, Unless, While, After, Before, If, Though, Until, etc.)
• Examples of Use in Sentences
• Subordinating Conjunctions in Complex Sentences

•  Correlative Conjunctions

• Definition and Function
• Common Correlative Conjunctions (Either...or, Neither...nor, Both...and, Not only...but also, Whether...or, etc.)
• Examples of Use in Sentences

•  Conjunctions and Sentence Structure

• Compound Sentences with Coordinating Conjunctions
• Complex Sentences with Subordinating Conjunctions
• Compound-Complex Sentences with Both Types

•  Conjunctions of Time

• When, Before, After, Until, Since, While
• Examples of Use in Sentences

•  Conjunctions of Cause and Effect

• Because, Since, As, So, So that
• Examples of Use in Sentences

•  Conjunctions of Contrast

• Although, Though, Even though, Whereas, While, But, Yet
• Examples of Use in Sentences

•  Conjunctions of Condition

• If, Unless, Only if, Provided that, As long as, In case
• Examples of Use in Sentences

•  Conjunctions of Purpose

• So that, In order that, Lest
• Examples of Use in Sentences

•  Conjunctions of Addition

• And, Moreover, Furthermore, Besides, In addition
• Examples of Use in Sentences

•  Conjunctions of Alternative

• Or, Either...or, Neither...nor, Whether...or
• Examples of Use in Sentences

•  Conjunctions of Comparison

• Than, As...as, So...as
• Examples of Use in Sentences

•  Correlative Conjunctions in Sentences

• Proper Use and Placement
• Examples and Practice Sentences

•  Conjunctions and Punctuation

• Commas with Coordinating Conjunctions
• Punctuation in Complex Sentences
• Semicolons and Conjunctive Adverbs

•  Common Errors with Conjunctions

• Misuse of Coordinating Conjunctions
• Incorrect Subordinating Conjunctions
• Errors with Correlative Conjunctions

•  Conjunctions in Formal and Informal Writing

• Formal Conjunctions
• Informal Conjunctions
• Differences in Use

•  Conjunctions and Clarity

• Avoiding Ambiguity
• Ensuring Clear Connections Between Clauses

•  Advanced Conjunction Usage

• Conjunctions in Academic Writing
• Conjunctions in Creative Writing
• Regional and Stylistic Variations

•  Practice and Application

• Exercises on Identifying and Using Conjunctions
• Practice Sentences and Paragraphs
• Error Correction Exercises

•  Definition and Function

• Definition of Interjections
• Role of Interjections in Sentences
• Expressing Emotions and Reactions

•  Types of Interjections

• Interjections of Greeting (e.g., hello, hi)
• Interjections of Joy (e.g., hooray, yay)
• Interjections of Surprise (e.g., oh, wow, ah)
• Interjections of Sorrow (e.g., alas, oh no)
• Interjections of Pain (e.g., ouch, ow)
• Interjections of Approval (e.g., bravo, well done)
• Interjections of Disgust (e.g., yuck, ew)
• Interjections of Hesitation (e.g., um, er)

•  Common Interjections

• Examples and Usage
• Contextual Variations

•  Interjections in Sentences

• Placement of Interjections
• Punctuation with Interjections (exclamation marks, commas)

•  Interjections in Dialogue

• Using Interjections for Natural Speech
• Enhancing Character Expression

•  Emotive Expressions

• How Interjections Convey Emotions
• Differences in Intensity and Tone

•  Cultural and Regional Variations

• Interjections in Different English-Speaking Regions
• Cultural Specific Interjections

•  Formal vs. Informal Interjections

• Usage in Formal Writing
• Usage in Informal and Spoken Language

Sentences

• Introduction to Sentences
  
• Definition of a Sentence
• Basic Sentence Structure

Types of Sentences (Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, Exclamatory)

• Sentence Components
• Subjects and Predicates
• Objects (Direct and Indirect)
• Complements (Subject and Object Complements)
• Modifiers (Adjectives and Adverbs)

Simple Sentences

• Definition and Examples
• Subject-Verb Agreement
• Common Mistakes

Compound Sentences

• Definition and Structure
• Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS)
• Punctuation Rules
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Complex Sentences

• Definition and Structure
• Subordinating Conjunctions
• Dependent and Independent Clauses
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Compound-Complex Sentences

• Definition and Structure
• Combining Compound and Complex Sentences
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Sentence Fragments

• Definition and Identification
• Common Causes of Fragments
• How to Correct Sentence Fragments
• Practice Exercises

Run-On Sentences

• Definition and Types (Fused Sentences, Comma Splices)
• How to Correct Run-On Sentences
• Practice Exercises

Sentence Variety

• Importance of Sentence Variety in Writing
• Combining Sentences
• Using Different Sentence Structures
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Subject-Verb Agreement

• Rules for Subject-Verb Agreement
• Special Cases (Collective Nouns, Indefinite Pronouns, etc.)
• Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
• Practice Exercises

Tenses in Sentences

• Overview of Verb Tenses (Past, Present, Future)
• Consistency of Tenses
• Shifts in Tenses
• Practice Exercises

Active and Passive Voice

• Definition and Differences
• When to Use Active Voice
• When to Use Passive Voice
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Direct and Indirect Speech

• Definition and Differences
• Converting Direct Speech to Indirect Speech
• Common Changes in Indirect Speech (Tense, Pronouns, Time Expressions)
• Practice Exercises

Punctuation in Sentences

• Commas
• Periods
• Semicolons and Colons
• Quotation Marks
• Apostrophes
• Hyphens and Dashes
• Practice Exercises

Common Sentence Errors

• Misplaced Modifiers
• Dangling Modifiers
• Parallel Structure Errors
• Incorrect Use of Conjunctions
• Practice Exercises

Advanced Sentence Structures

• Inversion
• Cleft Sentences
• Relative Clauses
• Conditional Sentences
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Introduction to Phrases

• Definition of a Phrase
• Difference Between Phrases and Clauses

Types of Phrases

Noun Phrases

• Definition and Structure
• Head Nouns and Modifiers
• Examples and Functions
• Practice Exercises

Verb Phrases

• Definition and Structure
• Main Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs
• Verb Phrases in Different Tenses
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Adjective Phrases

• Definition and Structure
• Head Adjectives and Modifiers
• Examples and Functions
• Practice Exercises

Adverb Phrases

• Definition and Structure
• Head Adverbs and Modifiers
• Examples and Functions
• Practice Exercises

Prepositional Phrases

• Definition and Structure
• Prepositions and Objects
• Functions in Sentences (Adjectival, Adverbial)
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Infinitive Phrases

• Definition and Structure
• Functions (Nouns, Adjectives, Adverbs)
• Split Infinitives
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Gerund Phrases

• Definition and Structure
• Functions as Nouns
• Differences Between Gerunds and Present Participles
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Participle Phrases

• Definition and Structure
• Present and Past Participles
• Functions as Adjectives
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Absolute Phrases

• Definition and Structure
• Functions in Sentences
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Appositive Phrases

• Definition and Structure
• Essential vs. Non-Essential Appositives
• Examples and Functions
• Practice Exercises

Relative Clauses as Phrases

• Definition and Structure
• Relative Pronouns
• Functions in Sentences
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Subordinate Clauses as Phrases

• Definition and Structure
• Functions in Sentences
• Examples and Practice Exercises
• Punctuation with Phrases

Common Errors with Phrases

• Misplaced Modifiers
• Dangling Modifiers
• Ambiguous Phrasing
• How to Correct Common Errors
• Practice Exercises

Advanced Uses of Phrases

• Combining Phrases for Complexity
• Using Phrases for Emphasis
• Sentence Variety with Phrases
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Introduction to Clauses

• Definition of a Clause
• Difference Between Phrases and Clauses

Types of Clauses (Independent and Dependent)

Independent Clauses

• Definition and Structure
• Functions in Sentences
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Dependent (Subordinate) Clauses

• Definition and Structure

Types of Dependent Clauses

• Noun Clauses
• Adjective (Relative) Clauses
• Adverb Clauses
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Noun Clauses

• Definition and Structure
• Functions in Sentences (Subject, Object, Complement)
• Signal Words (That, If, Whether, Wh- Words)
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Adjective (Relative) Clauses

• Definition and Structure
• Relative Pronouns (Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That)
• Restrictive vs. Non-Restrictive Clauses
• Punctuation Rules
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Adverb Clauses

• Definition and Structure
• Functions (Time, Cause, Condition, Contrast, Purpose)
• Subordinating Conjunctions (When, Because, If, Although, etc.)
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Conditional Clauses

• Definition and Structure
• Types of Conditional Sentences (Zero, First, Second, Third)
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Relative Clauses

• Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses
• Omitting the Relative Pronoun
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Elliptical Clauses

• Definition and Structure
• Omitting Repeated Words
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Clauses of Comparison

• Definition and Structure
• Comparative and Superlative Clauses
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Clauses of Reason and Purpose

• Definition and Structure
• Common Conjunctions (Because, Since, So That, etc.)
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Clauses of Result

• Definition and Structure
• Common Conjunctions (So, Such That, etc.)
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Clauses of Concession

• Definition and Structure
• Common Conjunctions (Although, Though, Even Though, etc.)
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Punctuation with Clauses

• Comma Usage with Dependent Clauses
• Punctuating Non-Restrictive Clauses
• Semicolons and Colons with Independent Clauses
• Practice Exercises

Common Errors with Clauses

• Misplaced Modifiers
• Dangling Modifiers
• Sentence Fragments
• Run-On Sentences
• How to Correct Common Errors
• Practice Exercises

Complex and Compound-Complex Sentences

• Combining Independent and Dependent Clauses
• Examples of Complex Sentences
• Examples of Compound-Complex Sentences
• Practice Exercises

Introduction to Tenses

• Definition of Tense
• Importance of Tense in English Grammar
• Overview of Main Tenses

Present Tense

• Simple Present Tense
• Structure and Usage
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Present Continuous Tense

• Structure and Usage
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Present Perfect Tense

• Structure and Usage
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

• Structure and Usage
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Past Tense

Simple Past Tense

• Structure and Usage
• Regular and Irregular Verbs
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Past Continuous Tense

• Structure and Usage
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Past Perfect Tense

• Structure and Usage
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

• Structure and Usage
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Future Tense

• Simple Future Tense
• Structure and Usage
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Future Continuous Tense

• Structure and Usage
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Future Perfect Tense

• Structure and Usage
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

• Structure and Usage
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Perfect Tenses

• Definition and Overview
• Differences Between Present, Past, and Future Perfect Tenses
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Continuous (Progressive) Tenses

• Definition and Overview
• Differences Between Present, Past, and Future Continuous Tenses
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Perfect Continuous Tenses

• Definition and Overview
• Differences Between Present, Past, and Future Perfect Continuous Tenses
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Irregular Verbs

• List of Common Irregular Verbs
• Conjugation Patterns
• Practice Exercises

Using Tenses in Sentences

• Identifying Tenses in Sentences
• Changing Tenses in Sentences
• Practice Exercises

Sequence of Tenses

• Rules for Sequence of Tenses
• Examples in Complex and Compound Sentences
• Practice Exercises

Common Tense Errors

• Shifts in Tense
• Incorrect Verb Forms
• Agreement Between Subject and Verb
• How to Correct Common Errors
• Practice Exercises

Tense in Reported Speech

• Changes in Tense in Reported Speech
• Rules and Examples
• Practice Exercises

Conditional Sentences and Tenses

• Zero, First, Second, and Third Conditionals
• Mixed Conditionals
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Passive Voice and Tenses

• Forming Passive Voice in Different Tenses
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Modal Verbs and Tenses

• Using Modals with Different Tenses
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Time Expressions and Tenses

• Common Time Expressions for Each Tense
• Using Time Expressions to Indicate Tense
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Subjunctive Mood and Tenses

• Inversion and Tenses
• Hypothetical Situations and Tenses
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Introduction to Voice

• Definition of Voice in Grammar
• Importance of Voice in Writing and Speaking
• Overview of Active and Passive Voice

Active Voice

• Definition and Structure
• Examples of Active Voice
• Functions and Uses of Active Voice
• Advantages of Using Active Voice
• Practice Exercises

Passive Voice

• Definition and Structure
• Examples of Passive Voice
• Functions and Uses of Passive Voice
• Reasons to Use Passive Voice
• Practice Exercises
• Forming the Passive Voice
• Basic Structure (Form of "to be" + Past Participle)

Converting Active to Passive Voice

• Steps to Convert Active to Passive
• Changes in Pronouns and Verb Forms
• Practice Exercises

Converting Passive to Active Voice

• Steps to Convert Passive to Active
• Practice Exercises
• Common Uses of Passive Voice

Common Errors in Using Passive Voice

• Misuse and Overuse of Passive Voice
• Passive Voice in Complex Sentences
• Practice Exercises

Advanced Uses of Passive Voice

• Passive Voice with Modal Verbs
• Passive Infinitives and Gerunds
• Passive Voice in Different Tenses
• Practice Exercises

Phrasal Verbs in Passive Voice

• Identifying Phrasal Verbs
• Using Phrasal Verbs in Passive Voice
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Passive Voice in Questions

• Forming Passive Voice Questions
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Reported Speech and Passive Voice

• Using Passive Voice in Reported Speech
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Passive Voice with "Get"

• Differences Between "Get" and "Be" in Passive Voice
• Examples and Practice Exercises
• Practice and Application
• Comprehensive Review of Active and Passive Voice
• Mixed Exercises for Practice

Introduction to Reported Speech

• Definition of Reported Speech
• Difference Between Direct and Reported Speech
• Importance and Use in Communication

Basic Structure of Reported Speech

• Reporting Verbs
• Changes in Pronouns
• Changes in Tenses
• Changes in Time Expressions

Converting Direct Speech to Reported Speech

• Steps for Conversion
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Tense Changes in Reported Speech

• Present to Past
• Past Simple to Past Perfect
• Present Perfect to Past Perfect
• Future to Conditional
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Pronoun Changes in Reported Speech

• Subject and Object Pronouns
• Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Changes in Time and Place Expressions

• Today to That Day
• Tomorrow to The Next Day
• Yesterday to The Previous Day
• Here to There
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Reporting Statements

• Structure and Examples
• Common Reporting Verbs (Say, Tell, etc.)
• Practice Exercises

Reporting Questions

• Yes/No Questions
• WH-Questions
• Changing Question Structure
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Reporting Commands, Requests, and Suggestions

• Imperative Sentences
• Polite Requests
• Suggestions
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Reporting Exclamations

• Converting Exclamations to Reported Speech
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Advanced Reporting Verbs

• Verbs with Different Patterns (Advise, Warn, Remind, etc.)
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Modal Verbs in Reported Speech

• Changes in Modals (Can to Could, Will to Would, etc.)
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Reported Speech in Different Tenses

• Reporting in Present Tense
• Reporting in Past Tense
• Reporting in Future Tense
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Reported Speech with Conditionals

• Zero, First, Second, Third Conditionals
• Examples and Practice Exercises

Common Errors in Reported Speech

• Incorrect Tense Shifts
• Incorrect Pronoun Changes
• Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
• Practice Exercises
• Quizzes and Tests