Passage Narration (Step-by-Step)

Passage Narration কী? 

Passage Narration হলো এমন একটি প্রক্রিয়া যেখানে একটি passage-এর ভেতরে থাকা একাধিক direct speech sentence-কে sentence type অনুযায়ী indirect speech-এ পরিবর্তন করা হয়।

এই লেসনটি ঠিকমতো অনুশীলন করলে তুমি—

• পুরো passage সহজে indirect করতে পারবে
• প্রতিটি sentence-এর type চিনতে পারবে
• সঠিক reporting verb ব্যবহার করতে পারবে
• type-wise structure ব্যবহার করে solve করতে পারবে
• pronoun, tense, time and place change করতে পারবে
• exam-এর special rule apply করতে পারবে
• আত্মবিশ্বাসের সাথে board question solve করতে পারবে

তুমি তো জানো:

2. Interrogative Sentence

যে sentence-এ question থাকে, তাকে interrogative sentence বলে।

ক. Yes/No Question

যার answer yes বা no দিয়ে দেওয়া যায়।

Structure:

asked + object + if/whether + subject + verb

Example:

He said to me, “Are you happy?”

→ He asked me if I was happy.

Father said to me, “Will you come?”

→ Father asked me if I would come.

খ. Wh-question

যেখানে what, where, when, why, who, how ইত্যাদি থাকে।

Structure:

asked + object + wh-word + subject + verb

Example:

She said to me, “Where do you live?”

→ She asked me where I lived.

The teacher said to the boy, “Why are you late?”

→ The teacher asked the boy why he was late.

মনে রাখো:

Interrogative sentence indirect করার সময় question form থাকে না। statement form হয়ে যায়।

3. Imperative Sentence

যে sentence-এ order, request, advice, instruction, prohibition থাকে, তাকে imperative sentence বলে।

Structure:

told / requested / advised / ordered + object + to + verb

Example:

Mother said to me, “Close the door.”

→ Mother told me to close the door.

He said to me, “Please help me.”

→ He requested me to help him.

Father said to me, “Work hard.”

→ Father advised me to work hard.

Negative Imperative Structure:

told / advised + object + not to + verb

Example:

Father said to me, “Do not waste time.”

→ Father told me not to waste time.

The teacher said to the boys, “Do not shout.”

→ The teacher told the boys not to shout.

মনে রাখো:

Imperative sentence-এ সাধারণত that বসে না।

to + verb অথবা not to + verb হয়।

4. Optative Sentence

যে sentence-এ wish, prayer, blessing, curse বোঝায়, তাকে optative sentence বলে।

Structure:

wished / prayed / cursed + that + subject + might + verb

Example:

Father said to me, “May you succeed.”

→ Father wished that I might succeed.

The poor man said, “May God help me.”

→ The poor man prayed that God might help him.

The angry woman said to him, “May you suffer.”

→ The angry woman cursed that he might suffer.

মনে রাখো:

Optative sentence-এ may সাধারণত might হয়।

5. Exclamatory Sentence

যে sentence-এ strong feeling বা emotion থাকে, তাকে exclamatory sentence বলে।

Structure:

exclaimed with + feeling + that + subject + verb

Possible feelings:

joy, sorrow, admiration, wonder, pain, surprise

Example:

He said, “Hurrah! We have won.”

→ He exclaimed with joy that they had won.

She said, “Alas! I am ruined.”

→ She exclaimed with sorrow that she was ruined.

He said, “What a beautiful flower it is!”

→ He exclaimed with admiration that it was a very beautiful flower.

মনে রাখো:

Exclamatory sentence indirect করলে interjection সাধারণত বাদ যায়।

Sentence statement form-এ চলে যায়।

Step 4: Special Exam Rules

Board exam-এ কিছু special expression থাকে। এগুলো চিনতে পারলে narration solving সহজ হয়।

Yes → replied in the affirmative

“Yes, I am ready,” he said.

→ He replied in the affirmative that he was ready.

“Yes, I have finished,” she said.

→ She replied in the affirmative that she had finished.

No → replied in the negative

“No, I will not go,” he said.

→ He replied in the negative that he would not go.

“No, I cannot do it,” she said.

→ She replied in the negative that she could not do it.

Sir → respectfully

“Sir, I have completed my work,” he said.

→ He replied respectfully that he had completed his work.

“Yes, sir, I understand,” she said.

→ She replied respectfully in the affirmative that she understood.

Please → requested

“Please help me,” he said.

→ He requested me to help him.

“Please give me a pen,” she said.

→ She requested me to give her a pen.

Dear friend → addressed as dear friend

“Dear friend, how are you?” he said.

→ He addressed him as dear friend and asked how he was.

“Dear friend, come here,” she said.

→ She addressed him as dear friend and told him to go there.

By Allah → swore by Allah

“By Allah, I will do it,” he said.

→ He swore by Allah that he would do it.

“By Allah, I am innocent,” she said.

→ She swore by Allah that she was innocent.

দুইটি statement → added that

He said, “I am tired. I want to rest.”

→ He said that he was tired and added that he wanted to rest.

She said, “It is raining. I will not go.”

→ She said that it was raining and added that she would not go.

দুইটি question → again asked

He said, “Where are you going? What are you doing?”

→ He asked where I was going and again asked what I was doing.

She said, “Why are you late? Where were you?”

→ She asked why I was late and again asked where I had been.

Of course → agreed

“Of course, I will help you,” he said.

→ He agreed that he would help me.

“Of course, you are right,” she said.

→ She agreed that I was right.

Congratulations → congratulated

“Congratulations! You have won,” he said.

→ He congratulated him on his winning.

“Congratulations on your success,” she said.

→ She congratulated him on his success.

Excuse me → apologized

“Excuse me, I am late,” he said.

→ He apologized that he was late.

“Excuse me, I forgot it,” she said.

→ She apologized that she had forgotten it.

Step 5: Pronoun, Tense, Time and Place Change করো

Pronoun Change

• First person → speaker অনুযায়ী change হয়

• Second person → listener অনুযায়ী change হয়

• Third person → সাধারণত change হয় না

Example:

Father said to me, “I will help you.”

→ Father told me that he would help me.

Tense Change

Reporting verb past হলে tense সাধারণত এক ধাপ past-এ যায়।

Common changes:

• am / is / are → was / were

• was / were→ had + been

• have / has → had

• will → would

• can → could

• do / does → did

Example:

He said, “I am happy.”

→ He said that he was happy.

Universal truth হলে tense change হয় না।

Example:

The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east.”

→ The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.

Time and Place Change

• now → then

• today → that day

• tomorrow → the next day

• yesterday → the previous day

• here → there

Example:

He said, “I am busy now.”

→ He said that he was busy then.

Step 6: সব sentence combine করো

সব sentence আলাদা solve করার পর and, then, and added that, and again asked ইত্যাদি দিয়ে combine করো।

Example:

Direct:

Father said, “Why are you late? Go to school now.”

Analysis:

১ম sentence = Interrogative

২য় sentence = Imperative

Indirect:

Father asked why his son was late and told him to go to school then.

আরেকটি Example

“Yes, sir, I did it,” said Ratan.

→ Ratan replied respectfully in the affirmative that he had done it.

Master Think Step

Passage narration solve করার সময় সবসময় এই ৫টি প্রশ্ন মাথায় রাখো:

1. Sentence type কী?

2. কোন structure লাগবে?

3. Reporting verb কী হবে?

4. Pronoun change লাগবে কি?

5. Tense / time word change লাগবে কি?

Guided Practice (with answers)

1. He said, “I am tired. I want to sleep.”

   → He said that he was tired and added that he wanted to sleep.

2. She said, “Are you ready? Will you go?”

   → She asked if I was ready and again asked if I would go.

3. He said, “Do your work. Do not waste time.”

   → He told me to do my work and not to waste time.

4. She said, “Where are you going? Come back soon.”

   → She asked where I was going and told me to come back soon.

5. Father said to me, “May you prosper.”

   → Father wished that I might prosper.

6. He said, “Hurrah! We have won the match!”

   → He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.

Independent Practice (without answers)

1. Change the narrative style of the following text.

 Father said to his son, “Why are you making late? Go to school now.” “No, I am not going to school today. I feel dizzy,” said his son.

2. Change the narrative style of the following text.

“My sons, listen to me. A great treasure lies hidden in the land. I am going to leave it to you.” “How shall we find it?” said the sons. “You must dig the land for it,” said the old man.

3. Change the narrative style of the following text.

“Have you killed the rats?” said the Mayor. “Yes, I have,” said the Piper. “Give me the promised money.” “How funny!” said the Mayor. “We cannot give you so much money. Take only fifty.”

4. Change the narrative style of the following text.

Zaman said to me, “Have you finished reading the book I gave you yesterday?” “Yes, I have finished reading the book,” I replied. “What an interesting book it is! I wish I would borrow the book earlier!” I said. “Will you return the book to me today?” he asked.

5. Change the narrative style of the following text.

“Ratan, have you done your English today?” asked the teacher. “Yes, sir, I did it. But I haven’t understood some grammatical points,” replied Ratan. “Where is the problem?” said the teacher. “Let us try again.”

Bangla to English Practice

1. সে বলল, “আমি খুশি।”

2. সে আমাকে বলল, “তুমি কি প্রস্তুত?”

3. মা আমাকে বললেন, “দরজাটা বন্ধ করো।”

4. বাবা আমাকে বললেন, “তুমি যেন সফল হও।”

5. সে বলল, “হুররে! আমরা জিতেছি!”

6. সে বলল যে সে খুশি ছিল।

7. সে আমাকে জিজ্ঞেস করল আমি প্রস্তুত কিনা।

8. মা আমাকে দরজাটা বন্ধ করতে বললেন।

9. বাবা আমাকে আশীর্বাদ করে বললেন যে আমি যেন সফল হই।

10. সে আনন্দ প্রকাশ করে বলল যে তারা জিতেছিল।

Summary

• Passage narration করতে আগে sentence আলাদা করতে হয়

• প্রতিটি sentence-এর type চিনতে হয়

• type অনুযায়ী structure apply করতে হয়

• reporting verb সঠিকভাবে change করতে হয়

• pronoun, tense, time and place change করতে হয়

• শেষে সব sentence combine করতে হয়

নিয়ম মেনে step-by-step solve করলে passage narration অনেক সহজ হয়ে যায়।

Homework

1. ৩টি board question solve করো।

2. ৫টি mixed sentence লেখো যেখানে থাকবে statement, question, order, wish, এবং emotion।

3. প্রতিটি sentence-এর type লিখে indirect করো।

4. Yes, No, Please, Sir, Excuse me দিয়ে ৫টি sentence বানিয়ে indirect করো।