What Is an Explanatory Text?

Elements of an Explanatory Text: Structure and Feature

Structure of Explanatory Writing:

Introduction/Opening Statement:

• This is the opening paragraph that introduces the topic and sets the overall tone of the text.

Definitions:

• An explanatory text usually includes the definitions of key terms or concepts that might be unfamiliar to the reader.

• An explanatory text includes facts, accurate and verifiable information that supports the topic.

Present Simple Tense:

• As this text describes facts, it is mostly written in the simple present tense to show its timeless manner.

Passive Voice:

• Explanations are written in passive voice to show impersonal tone or objectivity.  This text is written objectively, without expressing personal opinions or biases. That is, first person pronouns like "I, we" are not in this text. 

Detailed Explanation:

• This involves in-depth information about the topic, breaking it down into smaller, more manageable parts.

Supporting Details/ Examples:

• These are specific facts, examples, or evidence that reinforce the main points of the text.

Comparison:

• This involves comparing the topic to something else to help the reader understand it better.

Explanation of a Process or Steps:

• This involves describing a series of steps or actions that occur in a particular order. For example, "how to make pizza, how to process plastic wastes, etc."

Technical Vocabulary:

• These are specialized terms or jargon that are relevant to the topic.

Examples of Explanatory Texts:

How-To Guides:

• Example: Recycling is a crucial practice that helps conserve natural resources and protect the environment. Recycling involves converting used materials into new products, thereby reducing waste and conserving raw materials like metals and timber. The process begins with the collection of waste, followed by sorting and cleaning to remove contaminants. These materials are then processed into raw materials for manufacturing new products, such as turning used paper into new paper products. This method is significantly more energy-efficient compared to producing items from raw materials. For instance, recycling aluminum saves up to 95% of the energy needed for new production. Recycling programs across many communities help close the loop on material use and reduce environmental impact. By participating in recycling, individuals contribute to sustainability and resource conservation, underscoring the importance of ongoing efforts to enhance recycling systems.

Scientific Explanations:

• Example: “Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water. Plants have a pigment called chlorophyll that absorbs light, primarily from the sun. During photosynthesis, the energy from the sunlight is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The glucose provides energy for the plant, while oxygen is released into the atmosphere.”

How-To Guides:

• Example: “To bake a cake, start by preheating your oven to 350°F (175°C). Gather your ingredients: flour, sugar, eggs, butter, baking powder, and vanilla extract. In a mixing bowl, cream together the butter and sugar until light and fluffy. Add eggs one at a time, mixing well after each addition. Gradually add the flour and baking powder, mixing until just combined. Pour the batter into a greased cake pan and bake for 30-35 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean. Let the cake cool before serving.”

Historical Explanations:

• Example: “The Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, was a period of significant technological advancement and industrial growth. It started in Britain with innovations such as the steam engine and mechanized textile production. These advancements led to the growth of factories, urbanization, and changes in labor practices. The revolution had far-reaching effects on society, including improved standards of living for some and challenging working conditions for others.”

Technical Manuals:

• Example: “To install a new software program on your computer, first ensure that your system meets the software’s minimum requirements. Insert the installation disk into your drive or download the installation file from the official website. Double-click the installation file to begin the process. Follow the on-screen prompts to agree to the terms and conditions, choose your installation preferences, and complete the installation. Once installed, restart your computer if prompted, and launch the software from your applications menu.”

Educational Textbooks:

• Example: “The water cycle is a continuous process that recycles Earth's water supply. It involves several stages: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection. Water from oceans, rivers, and lakes evaporates due to the sun’s heat, forming water vapor. This vapor rises and cools to form clouds through condensation. Eventually, the water falls back to Earth as precipitation, such as rain or snow. The precipitation collects in bodies of water, and the cycle begins anew.”

Scientific Explanations:

• Insects have a special way of breathing that is different from humans. Instead of lungs, insects use tiny tubes called tracheae to take in oxygen. These tubes are spread throughout their bodies and open to the outside through small holes called spiracles. When air enters through the spiracles, it travels through the tracheae and reaches the insect's cells directly. This allows insects to get the oxygen they need without using blood to transport it like humans do. The system is efficient for their small size, helping them survive in different environments.