Use of Modifiers

Read the following text and use modifiers in the blank spaces as directed.  0.5x10 = 5

01. [DB '17]

Deforestation means cutting down of trees (a) — (post-modify the verb). To meet up the basic needs of food and housing, trees are being cut in large scale and thus it causes (b) — (pre-modify the noun) imbalance. Besides, there are some dishonest people who cut trees in our forest (c) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). The (d) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) level is rising and many parts of the world are going to be engulfed by the sea in near future. New areas of the world are (e) — (use a participle to pre-modify the verb) turned into desert as a result of deforestation. So, we must stop (f) — (use a participle to post-modify the verb) down trees unnecessarily. (g) — (use a participle to pre-modify the noun) trees indiscriminately will be hazardous for our future existence. If we destroy trees (h) — (use an adverbial phrase to post-modify the verb) one day the country will turn into a great desert. The (i) — (use a participle to pre-modify the noun) temperature will cause green house effect. Necessary measures should be taken (j) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb).

01. (a) at random/ indiscriminately/ inconsiderately/ recklessly/ whimsically/ regularly/ randomly/ cruelly/ unnecessarily (b) ecological/ environmental/ natural/ climatic (c) to earn money/to earn their livelihood/ to get profit/ to make profit (d) temperature/ sea/water (e) becoming/ being/getting (f) cutting/ burning/felling (g) Cutting/ Chopping/ Destroying (h) unwisely/at random/ in a merciless way/ in an inconsiderate way (i) rising/ increasing/ growing/ increased (j) to keep balance our environment/to stop deforestation/to keep the environment safe/to maintain the ecological balance/to keep ourselves healthy or safe/ to survive

02. [RB '17]

Ayesha Begum has three sons and two daughters. Her husband was a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) farmer who used (b) — (post-modify the verb by using infinitive) on other people's land. With great effort they married (e) — (use a pronoun) daughters off by the time they reached teenage. The sons also started (d) — (use present participle to modify the verb) with their father as (e) — (pre-modify the noun) labourers when they were old enough to help. By the time they were seventeen, they left for towns (f) — (use infinitive to post modify the verb) money. At first they used to send money to their parents (g) —, (use an adverb to post modify the verb) but after getting married they barely had enough to support their (h) — (pre-modify the noun) families. Out of desperation, Ayesha Begum started (i) — (post-modify the verb) in the village to feed her old (j) — (pre-modify the noun) husband and herself.

02. (a) poor/landless (b) to work (c) their (d) working (e) day (f) to earn (g) occasionally (h) own (i) begging (j) poor/helpless/invalid/ feeble

03. [DinajB '17]

Sabbir is (a) — (use determiner to pre modify the noun phrase) ideal student. He prepares (b) — (use possessive to pre modify the noun) lessons in collaboration with his teachers. He does (c) — (post modify the verb) in every examination as he does not waste time. He knows time once lost is lost for ever. So, he utilizes every moment. During his free time he goes to his native village. He teaches (d) — (pre modify the noun) people. He wants (e) — (use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb) illiteracy from his village. (f) — (use present participle to pre modify the verb) illiteracy from his village, he wants to bring about massive development there. He is (g) — (use an intensifier to pre modify the adjective) devoted to God. He says prayer (h) — (use quantifier to pre modify the noun) times a day. He never tells a lie. He respects his parents very much. Other superiors are also respected by him. His father, (i) — (post modify the noun phrase with an appositive) supports him cordially. His mother, an ideal housewife, (j) — (pre modify the verb) supports him very much. Such a student like Sabbir is rarely found nowadays.

03. (a) an (b) his (c) well (d) the elderly (e) to remove (f) Removing (g) very (h) five (i) a govt. employee (j) also

04. [JB '17]

A village doctor is a very (a) — (pre-modify the noun) person in the rural areas of Bangladesh. He is (b) — (pre-modify the verb) known as quack. A village doctor is not a (c) — (pre-modify the noun) doctor. He usually sits in a small dispensary (d) — (post modify the verb). He treats the patients (e) — (use a participle phrase to post-modify the verb). A village doctor is not a (f) — (pre-modify the noun) man. His chamber is (g) — (pre-modify the verb) furnished. He cannot supply costly medicine to (h) — (pre-modify the noun) patients. In our country, the number of qualified doctors is (i) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) few. So a village doctor is a great friend to the (j) — (pre-modify the noun) villagers.

04. (a) familiar/ common/ popular (b) well/ usually/ also/ mostly/ commonly/ normally/ generally/ casually (c) qualified/ good/ skilled/ registered (d) everyday/ regularly/ always/ often (e) taking small money/ taking some money/ getting some money/ receiving some  money/using cheap medicine (f) rich/ wealthy/ solvent/ well off (g)poorly/ ill/ not (h) poor/ needy/ critical/ dying/ serious/ impoverished (i) very/ quite/ completely/ totally (j) poor/ helpless/ needy

05. [CB '17]

A balanced diet is a good mixture of (a) — (pre modify the noun) food. It is essential for us (b) — (post modify the adjective with an infinitive) a healthy life. There are many benefits of eating a (c) — (pre modify the noun) diet because it prevents (d) — (use determiner to premodify the noun) diseases. As a result, we do not get sick (e) — (post modify the verb with an adverb). We should select (f) — (pre modify the noun with possessive) diet according to our needs. We should not eat the (g) — (use adjective to pre modify the noun) foods for the whole week. We can keep fit (h) — (use a participle) a balanced diet. But it is not easy (i) — (post modify the adjective with an infinitive) a balanced diet. Here (j) — (use a determiner) nutritionist can help us.

05. (a) nutritious (b) to lead (c) balanced (d) many (e) easily (f) our (g) same (h) eating (i) to have/ to eat (j) a

06. [CtgB '17]

The people of Bangladesh have expressed their shock (a) — (post modify the verb) at the reaction of the Pakistan Parliament. Pakistan strongly protested the execution of two (b) — (pre-modify the noun) collaborators who committed crimes against humanity on their own people in 1971. There is a demand for apology from (c) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) government for the crimes of its army during the liberation war of Bangladesh. Recently Pakistan's National Assembly may be within its rights (d) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) for the execution of two collaborators. But it is quite clear to us that Pakistan always tries to erase its past history. To erase (e) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) history is not easy because history continues to follow all of us. Pakistan, (f) — (post modify the noun with an appositive), cannot come out of its military influence. As a result, the country has become (g) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) barbarous. So Pakistan is going down (h) — (use an adverb to post-modify the verb). The founder of Pakistan Mr. Jinnah was physically (i) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) weak and so, the state always tried to show its physical strength since (j) — (use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) birth.

06. (a) deeply/ sharply/ instantly/ immediately/ justifiably (b) notorious (c) Pakistan (d) to blame/ to condemn (e) this/ that (f) The mostly military ruled country (g) very (h) gradually/ day by day/ sharply / quickly (i) very (j) its/ her

07. [SB '17]

Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the Shelley of Bengali literature. He was a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) poet. He wrote (b) — (post-modify the verb) in every branch of Bengali Literature. Nazrul, (c) — (use an appositive), won the attention of everyone in his early childhood. He wrote ceaselessly until the death of (d) — (use possessive pronoun) poetic flair. He composed his songs (e) — (use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb). His songs are (f) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) melodious. He enriched the Bengali literature (g) — (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb). His literary works have enriched (h) — (use an noun adjective) literature. He was (i) — (use an article) secular poet. He sang the songs of equality (j) — (use an adverbial phrase).

07. (a) great/ noble/ famous/ rebel (b) spontaneously/ freely (c) the rebel poet/ our national poet (d) his (e) to inspire people (f) very (g) profoundly/ greatly/deeply (h) bangla (i) a (j) throughout his life/ in a loud voice

08. [BB '17]

Raja, (a) — (post-modify the noun with an appositive), is known to his classmates as a good student. He has (b) — (use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun) good qualities. He knows that the (c) — (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) duty of a student is to study and he never neglects (d) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) duty. He prepares (e) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) lessons regularly. He maintains discipline. He knows the value of time. He gets up (f) — (post-modify the verb with an adverb) so that he can get enough time to study. He goes to school (g) — (post-modify the verb with an adverb). He never wastes a (h) — (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) moment in vain. Raja is (i) — (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) gentle. He always obeys his parents and teachers. He never mixes with (j) — (pre-modify the noun) boys. A student like Raja is a great asset of a nation.

08. (a) my younger brother (b) many/some (c) main/prime (d) this (e) his (f) early (g) regularly (h) single (i) very (j) bad

09. [DB '16]

Rabindranath Tagore was a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) poet of Bangali literature. He was born in a (b) — (pre-modify the noun) family at Jarasanko, Kolkata. He went to school (c) — (post modify the verb). He wrote his (d) — (pre-modify the noun) verse at the age of eight. At the age of seventeen, he went to London (e) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) school there. He was put up in a lodging house under the care of a (f) — (per-modify the noun) coach, Mr. Scott. He was lucky (g) — (post modify the adjective with an infinitive) an English family of Mr. Scott. He also visited the House of Parliament (h) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) Gladstone and John Bright's debates on Irish rule. He wrote letters to Kolkata (i) — (post modify the verb with a present participle) English society. At this, his family thought that they might lose their son (j) — (post modify the verb). So, he was called back to Kolkata.        

09. (a) great/prominent/famous (b) noble/ rich/ landlord/ wealthy/ sophisticated (c) at the early age (d) first (e) to get admitted to a (f) professional (g) to have/ to get (h) to enjoy/to listen to (i) praising (j) forever/ soon

10. [RB '16]

It was a hot (a) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) day. A (b) — (pre-modify the noun) crow flew all over the fields looking for water. For a long time, she could not find any water. She felt (c) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) weak, almost giving up hope. Suddenly, she saw a water jug below her. She flew (d) — (post-modify the verb) to see if there was any water inside. Yes, she could see some water inside the jug. The crow tried (e) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). Sadly, she found that the neck of the jug was too narrow. Then she tried to push the jug down for the water to flow out. But she found (f) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) jug too heavy. The crow thought (g) — (use a phrase to post-modify the verb) what to do. (h) — (use a participle to pre-modify the verb), she saw some pebbles nearby. She (i) — (pre-modify the verb) had a good idea. She started picking up the pebbles one by one, dropping each into the jug. As more and more pebbles filled the jug, the water level kept rising. Soon it was high (j) — (post-modify the adjective) for the crow the drink. The crow quenched its thirst and flew away.        

10. (a) summer (b) thirsty (c) very (d) down (e) to drink the water (f) the (g) for a while (h) Looking around (i) suddenly (j) enough

11. [DinajB '16]

Water is a (a) (pre modify the noun) substance. It has no colour of (b) (possessive to pre modify) own. The (c) (determiner to pre modify the noun) name of water is life. By drinking water, we can quench (d) (possessive to pre modify the noun) thirst. Thus we can survive on earth. But (e) (pre modify the noun) water is life killing. By drinking contaminated water, we suffer from disease like diarrhoea, typhoid etc. We may (f) (pre modify the verb) face (g) (pre modify the noun) death by drinking such type of water. We are responsible for (h) (noun adjective to pre modify the noun)  pollution. Waste materials from mills and factories are thrown here and there. Farmers use fertilizers and insecticides in their land. During the rainy season, they are mixed with ponds and rivers. Besides, latrines (i) (participle to post modify the noun) on ponds and rivers cause water pollution. (j) (pre modify the noun) awareness should be raised to stop water pollution.     

11. (a) natural/ liquid (b) its (c) other (d) our (e) contaminated (f) certainly (g) unnecessary/ unexpected (h) water (i) set up/ built (j) Public/ Social

12. [JB '16]

Most of the people in (a) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country do not know the importance of English. In fact, it is an (b) — (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) language and we are living in a (c) — (pre-modify the noun) village. So, if you know English (d) — (post modify the verb with an adverb), you can communicate with (e) — (use article to pre-modify the noun phrase) rest of the world. It is surely an important element of your (f) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) skill. Without the knowledge of English with proper understanding, you cannot complete (g) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) higher studies because most of the books are written in English in the process of higher education. Poor knowledge of English will also hamper your (h) — (use a noun-adjective) development. In short, if you do not have a good command of English, you will suffer (i) — (post-modify the verb with prepositional phrase/ Adverbial) of your life. So, don't waste your time and try to learn English (j) — (post-modify the verb with an adverb) from today. 

12. (a) our (b) international (c) global (d) well (e) the (f) language/ communication (g) your (h) career (i) in the way (j) regularly/ properly

13. [CB '16]

I had a peculiar experience (a) — (Post-modify the verb) while travelling to St. Martin's Island. I visited the island along with my family. Zahid, (b) — (Post-modify the noun with an appositive), was our guide. On our way to the island, we watched (c) — (demonstrative to per-modify the noun) sea gulls. The (d) — (Pre-modify the noun) birds were flying (e) — (Post-modify the verb) with the ship. They became (f) — (Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) dear and friendly to us. We entertained them with chips and biscuits. (g) — them (Use a present participle to pre-modify the verb), we became (h) — (Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) excited. We decided (i) — (Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) in the idyllic island for a couple of days. We can never forget (j) — (Use a demonstrative to pre-modify the adjective phrase) lovely sea birds.      

13. (a) last year (b) a local boy (c) the (d) sea (e) along (f) very (g) Seeing (h) very (i) to stay (j) those

14. [CtgB '16]

Once there lived a (a) (pre-modify noun) — fox in a jungle. One day, while he was walking (b) — (post modify the verb) through the jungle he fell into a trap and lost his tail. He felt (c) — (pre-modify the adjective) unhappy and sad. But the fox was very cunning. He hit upon a plan. He invited all the foxes (d) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) to a meeting. When all the foxes arrived, the fox without a tail said "My dear friends, listen to me, please, I have discovered a (e) — (pre-modify the noun) thing. It is that our tails are (f) — (pre-modify the adjective) useless. They look ugly and dirty. So, we all should cut off our tails, shouldn't we?" All foxes listened to the cunning fox (g) — (post modify the verb). Most of them agreed (h) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) their tails. But an old and (i) — (pre-modify the noun) fox said to him, "My friend, your plan is nice but evil. Actually, you want to cut off our tails because you have (j) — (pre-modify the noun with a determiner) tail of your own." 

14. (a) clever (b) slowly (c) very (d) to attend (e) new (f) entirely (g) attentively/ curiously (h) to cut off (i) wise (j) no

15. [SB '16]

Othello, (a) — (Use an appositive to post modify the noun) had risen to become a general. He had shown his bravery in many (b) — (Use an adjective to pre modify the noun) battles against the Turks. Everyone praised him (c) — (Use an adverb to post modify the verb) and the senate trusted and honoured him. Brabantio, a rich senator of Venice had a daughter named Desdemona (d) — (Use a relative clause to post modify the noun). Brabantio (e) — (Use an adverb to pre modify the verb) invited Othello to his house where he and his daughter listened in wonder to Othello as he spoke about his adventures. He told them of deserts, of caves and of mountains high (f) — (Use an intensifier to pre modify the adjective) to touch the sky. Desdemona had to weep (g) — (Use a present participle to post modify the verb phrase) and she never became tired of listening to it. She pitied Othello (h) — (Use an adverb to post modify the verb) for the misfortunes and hardships of his life. Her pity (i) — (Use an adverb to post-modify the verb) turned to love. She refused all the young men (j) — (Use an infinitive to post modify the verb) because she loved Othello, a noble Muslim Moor from North Africa.

15. (a) an African Moor (b) fierce (c) highly (d) who was very beautiful (e) often (f) enough (g) hearing the stories of his adventure (h) intensely (i) gradually (j) to marry

16. [BB '16]

A village doctor is a (a) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) familiar person in the rural areas of Bangladesh. He is (b) — (pre-modify the verb) known as a quack.  A village doctor is not a (c) — (pre-modify the noun) doctor. He (d) — (pre-modify the verb) sits in a small dispensary in the morning and evening. He treats the patients (e) — (use a participle to post-modify the verb) small fees. A village doctor is not a (f) — (pre-modify the noun) man. His chamber is (g) — (pre-modify the verb) furnished. He cannot supply costly medicines to the (h) — (pre-modify the noun) patients. In our country, the number of qualified doctors is (i) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) few. So, a village doctor is a great friend to the (j) — (pre-modify the noun) people.

16. (a) very (b) often (c) qualified (d) always/ regularly (e) taking (f) rich (g) hardly (h) serious/ poor (i) very (j) village

17. Mother is an (a) — (Use an adjective phrase to pre-modify the noun) blessing in the world. Mother's day is (b) — (Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) significant day observed as a (c) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) occasion in honour of mothers. The day was for the first time, announced as a formal holiday in the United State of America. Mothers' day is now observed (d) — (Use an adverbial phrase to pre-modify the verb) as elsewhere around the world. The sons and daughters (e) — (Use an adverb to pre modify the verb) wait for this day. They buy some special presents for their (f) — (Use a superlative degree to pre-modify the noun) mother. When they offer the presents, the mother becomes very happy. It brings a (g) — (Use an adverb to pre-modify the noun) happiness between a mother and (h) — (Use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) children. The bond of relationship between mother and children becomes everlasting. The mother (i) — (Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) draws her children with her motherly affection. In this way, we pay a (j) — (Use a participle to pre-modify the noun) tribute to our dear mothers. 

17. (a) undeniably (b) very (c) great (d) in a body (e) eagerly (f) sweetest (g) great (h) her (i) then (j) glowing

18. Newspaper plays a very (a) — (pre-modify the noun) role in modern civilization. It publishes new views of home and abroad. Only (b) — (pre-modify the noun) knowledge is not enough in this competitive world. A newspaper helps a man (c) — (post-modify the verb with infinitive) his general knowledge. Besides academic books, one should read newspapers (d) — (post-modify the verb). Newspaper helps one (e) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) the facts of the world. (f) — (pre-modify the verb with a present participle phrase) regularly, one can be aware of everything. There are (g) — (pre-modify the noun) kinds of newspapers. One should select the newspaper (h) — (post-modify the verb). One should choose the (i) — (pre-modify the noun) paper because many newspapers present news partially. Whatever paper is, it (j) — (pre-modify the verb) helps a man. 

18. (a) important/significant (b) bookish (c) to increase (d) daily (e) to know (f) Reading newspaper (g) many (h) correctly (i) right (j) certainly

19. Once upon a time there lived (a) — (Use article to pre-modify the noun phrase) generous and kind-hearted king. But the people were not happy with (b) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) king, because the king was too lazy and would not do (e) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) work other than eating and sleeping. He spent days and weeks and months in (d) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun phrase) bed either eating something or sleeping. He became (e) — (Use an adverb to pre-modify the adjective) inactive. The king became (f) — (use article to pre-modify the noun) potato couch and the people started worrying about the king. (g) — (Use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) day he realized that he could not even move his body. He became fat and his enemies made fun of him calling 'fatty king' or 'bulky king' etc. He invited (h) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) doctors from (i) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) parts of his country and offered them generous rewards (j) — (Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) him fit. Unfortunately, none could help the king regain his health and fitness. 

19. (a) a (b) their (c) any (d) his (e) very (f) a (g) One (h) some (i) many (j) to make

20. Once there lived a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) barber in a village. He was more than a mere barber but a (b) — (pre-modify the noun) doctor. The barber pretended (c) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) about disease and their cures. People (d) — (post-modify the noun with a present participle) in that area came to him for treatment. As people were illiterate, they could not understand (e) — (pre-modify the noun with a determiner) trick. So when they became (f) — (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) ill, they called in him. The barber gave them (g) — (pre-modify the noun) medicine. But he was an expert in treating boils. As he was a barber, it was easy for him (h) — (post-modify the adjective with an infinitive). He would cut boils with his razor. Some patients would cry (i) — (post-modify the verb) in pain. Some of the patients were cured. The (j) — (pre-modify the noun with a noun adjective) folk thought him to be a good doctor. 

21. Nelson Mandela (a) — (post modify the noun with appositive), is one of the greatest leaders of the world, no doubt. During (b) — (use article to pre-modify the noun) time of Mandela, the Europeans were separated from the non-Europeans. It was (c) — (use noun-adjective to pre-modify the noun) policy of racial segregation. The blacks were subjected to (d) — (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) sorts of indignities. They were denied all basic (e) — (use adjective to pre-modify the noun) rights. They were in fact aliens in (f) — (use possessive) own country. The blacks were also treated (g) — (use adverb to post-modify the verb). Even dogs received a much better treatment than the blacks. The (h) — (use an adjective pre-modify the noun) leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice. Unfortunately, (i) — (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) great man thrown behind the prison bars. But the oppressive rulers could not break his spirit. All his life he struggled against apartheid. Eventually, the great leader fullfilled the goal of liberating (j) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) people.     

21. (a) a black president (b) the (c) Government (d) all (e) human (f) their (g) inhumanly (h) great (i) this (j) his

22. A (a) — (pre-modify the noun with a noun adjective) morning is misty and cold. There is dense fog (b) — (post-modify the verb). The sun rises (c) — (post-modify verb) in the morning. People wear (d) — (pre-modify the noun) clothes. They get comforts (e) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) in the sun. Those who don't have clothes suffer from (f) — (pre-modify the noun) cold. Sometimes, the fog is so dense, even things at a distance can (g) — (pre-modify the verb) be seen. People like (h) — (post-modify the verb with infinitive) indoors. The fog disperses when the sun rises up. Dew drops (i) — (post-modify the noun with a prepositional phrase) look like pearls. Rural people gather around the fire (j) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase).

22. (a) winter (b) all around (c) late (d) warm (e) to bask (f) biting (g) hardly (h) to keep (i) falling on the grass (j) to warm themselves

23. One night Haji Mohammad Mohsin was in (a) — (a pre-modifier of the noun) sleep. Suddenly he heard a sound and woke up (b) — (an infinitive as a post-modifier of the verb) what happened. He discovered a thief (c) — (a present participle as a post-modifier of the noun) valuable articles from his room. He advanced (d) — (an adverb as a post-modifier of the verb) and caught the thief (e) — (a post-modifier of the verb). Mohsin was a (f) — (a pre-modifier of the noun) man. He wanted (g) — (an infinitive as a post-modifier of the verb) why he was stealing. The thief replied that he had been starving (h) — (a prepositional phrase post-modifying the verb). (i) — (a present participle pre-modifying the subject.) Mohsin became sympathetic. He set the thief (j) — (an adjective post-modifying the noun). 

23. (a) deep (b) to see (c) stealing (d) silently (e) red-handed (f) generous (g) to ask him (h) for two days (i) Hearing this (j) free 

24. Modern life depends (a) ¾ (post modify the verb) on transport. We can understand well how important transport is when it is hampered by (b) ¾ (pre modify the noun) disasters and political crisis. Transport helps us (c) ¾(post modify the verb with an infinitive) our destinations. It had quickened trade and commerce (d) ¾ (post modify the verb). It also helps us (e) ¾ (post modify the verb with an infinitive) with our relatives and friends. The development of transport has made the world small. We can travel to any country (f) ¾ (post modify the verb). We use transport (g) ¾ (use an infinitive to post modify the verb) our goods and products to different places. The use of transport saves our time (h) ¾ (post modify the verb). It also helps us (i) ¾ (post modify the verb with in infinitive) knowledge and ideas. (j) ¾ (pre modify the verb with a present participle phrase,) we can promote understanding among the nations.

24. (a) mostly/mainly (b) various (c) to reach (d) remarkably (e) to meet (f) easily (g) to shift (h) greatly (i) increase (j) Travelling to foreign countries

25. We went to Sonargaon, (a) — (Post-modify the noun with an appositive), to attend a picnic there (b) — (Post-modify the verb with an adverbial of time). Only the students of section A of class XI of our school attended (c) — (Use article to pre-modify the noun) picnic. Mr. Latiful Kabri, (d) — (Post-modify the noun with an appositive), was also with us. We hired a bus and started our journey from Mirpur-2 at about 8 (e) — (Post-modify the verb with prepositional phrase). It was a (f) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) journey. We reached Sonargaon at about 10am. (g) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) teacher told us about the historical background of Sonargaon. Then we visited the museum there. We stayed there for about (h) — (Use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) hours. The cooking was going on. (i) — (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) students sang, danced, played and made lots of fun. The event was (j) — (Use an adverb to pre-modify the adjective) wonderful. 

25. (a) a historical place of interest (b) on last Sunday (c) the (d) Principal (e) in the morning (f) fine (g) Our (h) eight (i) Some (j) really

26. The world is producing millions of tons of domestic rubbish and toxic industrial waste (a)— (post-modify the verb) and it is becoming (b)— (pre-modify the adjective) difficult to find suitable locations to get rid of all the refuse, the disposal of (c) — (Pre-modify the noun) kinds of waste is (d) — (post-modify the verb) polluting the environment. We know that air is an (e) — (post-modify the noun) element of our environment. Man makes fire (f) — (post-modify the verb by an infinitive) food, make bricks, melt tar for road construction and to do (g) — (pre-modify the noun) things which pollute the air. Railway engines and (h) — (pre-modify the noun by a noun adjective) houses create smoke (i) — (post-modify the verb by adverb phrase). Mills and factories also belch (j) — (pre-modify the noun by adjective phrase) smoke.         

26. (a) each year (b) increasingly (c) various (d) seriously (e) important (f) to cook (g) many other (h) power (i) by burning coal and oil (j) a lot of  

27. My elder sister is (a) — (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) affectionate to me. She is a very (b) — (pre-modify the noun) lady. She advices me (c) — (post-modify the verb with infinitive) my knowledge and skill. She tells me to go to college (d) — (post-modify the verb). She encourages me to follow the (e) — (pre-modify the noun) path. She also advises me (f) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) with other fellow students. She is really a (g) — (pre-modify the noun) woman. She teaches me how (h) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) between right and wrong. She advises me to be a (i) — (pre-modify the noun) human being. (j) — (pre-modify with a present participle phrase), I want to become a trustworthy man.  

27. (a) very (b) intelligent (c) to increase (d) regularly (e) right (f) to make friendship (g) qualified (h) to distinguish (i) true (j) Being inspired

28. Socrates, (a) — (Post-modify the noun with an appositive), believed that an angry man was more of a beast than a (b) — (Use adjective to pre-modify the noun) being. His wife used to lose (c) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) temper on the slightest excuse. She tried her utmost (d) — (Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the noun phrase) Socrates. (e) — (Use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) day the woman became more furious than ever. She began to insult (f) — (Use article to pre-modify the noun) great scholar of Greece. Socrates went (g) — (Post-modify the verb with an adverbial of place). He sat on the (h) — (Use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) step of his residence looking out on the path street. The wife found that (i) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) husband was not paying the least heed to her word. She went up to him with a bucket full of water and suddenly she poured much water over him. He (j) — (Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) remarked, "I am expecting this. After thunder, comes rain." 

28. (a) a great scholar (b) human (c) her (d) to irritate (e) One (f) the (g) outside (h) door (i) her (j) quietly

29. Arsenic is a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) substance. It is (b) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) dangerous for human health. (c) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) substance is found in the water of the tubewell. There are (d) — (pre-modify the noun) villages in our country. Most of our (e) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) people drink tubewell water. At present, they are passing their days (f) — (use a participle to post-modify the verb). (g) — (use a participle to pre-modify the verb) people suffer from different kinds of problems. This problem is (h) — (pre-modify the verb) found in North Bengal. We should take a serious measure (i) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) which produce contaminate water. Government is trying to identify the tubewells (j) — red (post-modify the verb).

29. (a) poisonous (b) very (c) This (d) many (e) rural/village (f) suffering from arsenicosis (g) Attacked with arsenicosis (h) mainly (i) to identify the materials (j) colouring  

30. One day Robert Bruce, (a) — (post-modify the noun with an appositive), was lying in the cave. He was thinking of (b) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) misfortune. He thought that he would not be able (c) — (Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). Suddenly he saw a spider (d) — (post-modify the verb with a prepositional phrase/an adverbial of place). The spider was trying to reach (e) — (Use article to pre-modify the noun) ceiling of the cave. It almost got to the point (f) — (Use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) times, but fell down at the last moment. It did not lose hope. It was trying (g) — (post-modify the verb with an adverb). On the seventh attempt it reached the ceiling. Robert Bruce became very much amazed (h) — (Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) the success of the spider. He felt encouraged and came out of the cave and began to gather soldiers again. He remembered the small spider and prepared (i) — (post-modify the verb with an adverb) for the battle. He fought hard with the English and (j) — (Use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) time, he came out successful. Strong will and perseverance made Robert Bruce the king of Scotland again.  

30. (a) a king of Scotland (b) his (c) to regain his kingdom (d) climbing to the ceiling (e) the (f) some (g) hard (h) to see (i) well (j) that

31. On the occasion of the annual prize giving ceremony our college was decorated with colorful flags, balloons etc. The college stage situated beside the garden got (a) — (use article to pre-modify the noun) unique look with colorful cloths and a (b) — (use adjective to pre-modify the noun phrase) sitting arrangement. All the invited guests took their (c) — (use adjective to pre-modify the noun) chairs. After the arrival of the (d) — (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun phrase) guest, the function started at 3 pm with the recitation from the holy Quran. Our Principal, (e) — (post-modify the noun with an appositive), presided over the function. After (f) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) presentation of the annual report, an enjoyable cultural function was held. Then the chief guest made a short but valuable speech. The audiences listened to it (g) — (use adverb to post-modify the verb). Then the prizes were given to the brilliant students and those who gained top (h) — (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) positions in different (i) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) events and cultural competitions. At last the Principal thanked all to make (j) — (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) function successful.   

31. (a) a (b) fine (c) own (d) chief (e) a kind man (f) his (g) attentively (h) most (i) college (j) that

32. One hot (a) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) day an ant was searching for some water. After walking for some time she came to a (b) — (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) spring. To reach the spring she had to climb up a blade of grass. While climbing the blade of (c) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) grass, she slipped and fell into water. A dove from a mango tree saw this incident. (d) — (use a participle phrase to pre-modify the verb), the dove quickly plucked off a leaf and dropped it into the water near the (e) — (use a present participle to pre-modify the noun) ant. The ant moved towards the leaf and climbed up there. Soon it carried her (f) — (use an adverb to post-modify the verb) to the dry ground. Just at that time the ant saw a hunter standing (g) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) close to him. He was aiming an arrow to the dove (h) — (use a relative clause to most-modify the noun). So the ant took a firm determination to save the dove's life. She (i) — (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) went to the hunter and gave him a severe bite. The hunter cried out in pain and missed the target. The dove saw this and flew away (j) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb).

32. (a) summer (b) fine (c) this (d) Seeing this (e) drowning (f) safely (g) very (h) which had saved it from drowning (i) hurriedly (j) to save his life   

33. Load-shedding, (a) — (Post-modify the noun with an appositive), means intentional stopping of the supply of electricity in a (b) — (use determiner to per-modify the noun) area for a certain period of time. It occurs when (c) — (Use article to per-modify the noun) generation of power is less than the demand. Load-shedding causes a lot of problems for us. It hampers our  (d) — (use an adjective to per-modify the noun) household activities. The production of mills and factories is stopped. Students cannot prepare (e) — (Use possessive to per-modify the noun) lessons and idle away their time. Patients suffer (f) — (Post-modify the verb with an adverb) because of load-shedding. In fact, load-shedding hampers the smooth (g) — (Use an adjective to per-modify the noun) development of a country. In order to solve the problem of load-shedding, we should try (h) — (Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) more electricity through government and (i) — (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) initiatives. We should also try to stop the misuse of electricity. An all-out effort can solve (j) — (Use a demonstrative to per-modify the noun) problem.

33. (a) a major problem in Bangladesh (b) definite (c) the (d) daily/ regular (e) their (f) most/ seriously (g) gradual (h) to produce (i) necessary (j) this  

34. The newspaper, (a) — (Post-modify the noun with an appositive), is a printed record of current event. It gives us (b) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) the important news of home and abroad. In a word, the newspaper is like (c) — (Use article to pre-modify the noun) "mirror" of the world. The newspaper was first introduced in China. The "Indian Gazette" was the (d) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) newspaper of the subcontinent. "The Samachar Darpon" was the first (e) — (Use a noun-adjective to pre-modify the noun) newspaper. A newspaper is (f) — (Use an adverb to pre-modify the adjective) useful to us. We cannot think of (g) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) morning without it. (h) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) people have different tastes. So, a newspaper supplies us with (i) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) sorts of news, for example, business, games and sports, entertainment, literature etc. It keeps us well-informed and makes us intelligent. So, we all should read newspapers (j) — (Post-modify the verb with adverb).

34. (a) a storehouse of knowledge (b) firstly (c) a (d) first (e) Bengali (f) very (g) our (h) Different (i) all (j) daily

35. Bangladesh is a small country with a (a) — (Use adjective to pre-modify the noun) population. Most of the people depend on agriculture and most of them are below the (b) — (Use a noun-adjective to pre-modify the noun) level, but they are peace-loving. They live in harmony with others irrespective of religion, caste and creed. They (c) — (Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) bear a smile in (d) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) face. Bangladesh is (e) — (Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) crisscrossed with hundreds of rivers. Wherever we look at, we are sure to find a touch of green. We have a number of (f) — (Use a noun-adjective to pre-modify the noun) places in Bangladesh. Cox's Bazar, (g) — (Post-modify the noun with an appositive), is a place of scenic beauty. We have (h) — (Use article to pre-modify the noun phrase) rich historical and cultural heritage. To have a glimpse of (i) — (Use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) Heritage, we must visit ruins of Buddhist Bihara at Paharpur. Mahasthangarh, Mainamati etc. We can (j) — (Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) visit Sundarbans, the biggest mangrove forest in the world. 

35. (a) vast/huge/large (b) poverty/standard (c) always (d) their (e) basically/actually (f) beautiful (g) the largest sea beach in the world (h) a (i) that (j) also

36. A plane journey is an exciting journey. If the weather is fine the passengers can get a (a) — pre-modify the noun) view of the picture below. The (b) — (pre-modify the noun) passengers may be served with (c) — (pre-modify the noun phrase) snacks and drinks within around 20 minutes of the take off. A movie will be started (d) — (post-modify the verb) after that. The captain of the flight may give a (e) — (pre-modify the noun) speech before all these. Quality aeroplanes have the facility of an (f) — (pre-modify the noun) mask in case of oxygen shortage. The passengers just have to pull the mask and place it (g) — (post-modify the verb) on their noses. They also have to secure the band behind them and breathe (h) — (post-modify the verb). If any passenger has a child with anyone who needs (i) — (pre-modify the noun) assistance he has to put his mask (j) — (post-modify the noun) before going to help the child. 

36. (a) nice (b) boarded (c) light (d) shortly (e) welcome (f) oxygen (g) firmly (h) normally (i) his (j) first

37. The people of Bangladesh are (a) — (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) hospitable. They like (b) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) people. It is their (c) — (pre modify the noun) part of culture. So, hospitality is a (d) — (pre-modify the noun) norm of Bangladeshi people. Although many other things are changing (e) — (post-modify the verb), people are still (f) — (pre-modify the adjective) polite towards foreigners. They like (g) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) to foreigners even if they have not been introduced. It is quite common for Bangladesh (h) — (post modify the adjective with an infinitive) personal questions about family, jobs and income which visitors from overseas might find awkward. However, it should be understood that (i) — (pre-modify the noun with a determiner) harm is meant by such questions. On the other hand, they express a (j) — (pre-modify the noun) interest in the foreigners state of affairs.

37. (a) very (b) to feed/serve (c) internal (d) great (e) gradually/rapidly (f) very/much (g) to talk (h) to ask (i) no (j) genuine

38. We should not eat just (a) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive phrase). We should eat to preserve (b) — (Pre-modify the noun with a possessive) health. We need to eat (c) — (Per-modify the noun) food. Sometimes, it so happens that people (d) — (post-modify the noun with present participle) in the midst of plenty do not eat (e) — (pre-modify the noun with a determiner) food they need for good health. That is why they suffer from (f) — (pre-modify the noun) diseases. If they know how (g) — (post-modify the verb with infinitive) balanced diet they can remain fit. For this, they should have (h) — (pre-modify the noun) knowledge about health and nutrition. If they were educated they could live a (i) — (Pre-modify the noun) life. Only a healthy man is a (j) — (pre-modify the noun) man.            

38. (a) to satisfy our hunger (b) our (c) good/balanced (d) living (e) the right (f) many (g) to make (h) adequate (i) healthy (j) happy

39. There is a proverb that time and tide wait for none. Time passes on very (a) — (Use adverb to post-modify the verb). No one can stop (b) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) on word march for a moment. So, we must understand (c) — (Use article to pre-modify the noun) value of it. Lost money can be regained by (d) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) work. Lost health can be recovered by medicine and improved diet. But lost time can (e) — (Pre-modify the verb with an adverb) be called back. So, time is very much important (f) — (Post-modify the verb with prepositional phrase). Success in life depends on the proper use of time. So, we should make a (g) — (Use an adjective phrase to post-modify the noun) division of our time and try (h) — (Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) our work accordingly. (i) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) life is very short. We must utilize (j) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) second of our life to make it successful and meaningful. 

39. (a) rapidly (b) its (c) the (d) hard (e) never (f) in our life (g) proper (h) to do (i) Our (j) every

40. Bangladesh is crisscrossed with hundreds of rivers. (a) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) rivers are the gift of Almighty Creator. They play a very important role in our (b) — (pre-modify the noun) economy. There are hundreds of big and small rivers in (c) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country. The big rivers flow (d) — (use adverbial phrase to post-modify the verb) but small ones flow only during the rainy season. Our rivers are of great use and importance to us. They are (e) — (pre-modify the verb) related to our economy and prosperity of our country. These rivers are sources of communications, wealth and property, energy and fish. All the rivers play a (f) — (pre-modify the noun) role in our (g) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) system. We use boats, launches, steamers to carry our goods from one place to another. (h) — (use infinitive to pre-modify the noun) goods through river way is cheaper and easier than by land in our country. Moreover, people (i) — (use present participle to post-modify the noun) by the riverside can earn their livelihood by catching fish. The silt (j) — (use past participle to post-modify the noun) by the river water increases the fertility of our agricultural land. 

40. (a) These (b) national (c) our (d) all the year round (e) closely (f) vital (g) economic (h) To carry (i) living (j) left

41. There lived a wolf in a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) forest. After (b) — (use a participle phrase to pre-modify the verb) he went on eating the flesh. But a bone stuck in his throat and (c) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) bone gave him pain and he went about not knowing what (d) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). He was howling on in (e) — (pre-modify the noun) agony. Moving (f) — (use an adverbial phrase to pre-modify the verb) he saw a crane at a distance. He asked the crane toward him and requested it (g) — (use infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). The wolf lured the crane that it would give him (h) — (pre-modify the noun) rewards. The greedy crane agreed (i) — (post-modify the verb). It put its (j) — (pre-modify the noun) beak into the wolf's throat and removed the piece of bone. 

41. (a) dense (b) hunting  (c) that (d) to do (e) bitter (f) to and fro (g) to help (h) many (i) instantly (j) long

42. Mother Teresa was a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) woman. She was born in the then Yugoslavia. When she was a young girl, she swore (b) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase) for the service of mankind. She wanted to serve the (c) — (Pre-modify the noun) people. When she was eighteen, she decided to be a nun (d) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) her purpose. (e) — (per-modify the verb with a  present participle) she came to Calcutta. There she joined a school (f) — (pre-modify the verb with an infinitive) the poor children. She also served the lepers (g) — (post-modify the verb). She sacrificed her life (h) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) mankind. The whole world knows her as (i) — (pre-modify the noun with a noun-adjective) Teresa. She was awarded (j) — (use a noun - adjective to modify the noun) prize for peace.

42. (a) well known (b) to sacrifice her life (c) distressed (d) to fulfill (e) Keeping it in mind (f) to educate (g) successfully (h) to serve (i) Mother (j) the Nobel

43. Most of (a) — (Use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) students cannot write out their examination papers fairly. As they cannot understand the questions (b) — (Post-modify the verb), they often beat about the bush and cram their answers with irrelevant and unnecessary details. Sometimes they also fail to arrange their answer neatly, cleanly and systematically. Although the teacher suggests that their answer should be brief and precise, they (c) — (Pre-modify the verb) lengthen them unnecessarily. Therefore, their (d) — (Pre-modify the noun) answers generally become disgusting and unnecessary. Such answers always earn (e) — (Pre-modify the noun) marks in order to get expected marks. All you should do, is to understand the questions (f) — (Post-modify the verb) and answer them just to the point. Don't worry, if (g) — (Use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) answers are fairly short. You should make your presentation neat and clean (h) — (Use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb). To answer the short comprehensive questions, you should not copy anything (i) — (post-modify the verb) from the passage. Make your sentences (j) — (Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) short and simple.

43. (a) our (b) properly (c) sometimes (d) written (e) poor (f) properly (g) your (h) to get good marks (i) directly (j) very

44. Once upon a time there was a king called Midas. He was (a) — (pre-modify the adjective with an adverb) fond of gold. Although he had a lot of it, he wanted more. He wished for the Golden Touch, (b) — (post-modify the noun with an appositive). God granted his wish (c) — (post-modify the verb with an adverb). After one hour, the king was sitting under an (d) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) tree in his garden. Suddenly a (e) — (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) apple fell beside him. He picked it up. As he touched it, (f) — (use article to pre-modify the noun) apple turned into gold. He could (g) — (pre-modify the verb with an adverb) believe his eyes. He had not expected (h) — (pre-modify the noun) wish to be granted. Being amazed at his golden touch, the king went back quickly to the palace. As he entered it, (i) — (pre-modify the noun) daughter ran up to him and he took her in his arms. Instantly she turned into gold. The king was struck with horror. He put her down (j) — (post-modify the verb), thinking that this would make her human again. But there was no change.

44. (a) very (b) a power to turn everything into gold (c) promptly (d) apple (e) ripe (f) the (g) hardly (h) his (i) his (j) instantly

45. Drug addiction has become (a) — (post-modify the verb) in our country. (b) — (pre-modify the noun) people are addicted to one or another form of opium based product including (c) — (post-modify the preposition) heroin, marijuana, cocaine, LSD and so on. (d) — (pre-modify the sentence) drug addicts are found everywhere in the streets, in the park, in the hospitals and in the educational institutions. The number of drug addicts are increasing (e) — (post-modify the verb). Most of them are addicted (f) — (post-modify the verb). At this time, they are misguided (g) — (use adverbial phrase to post-modify the verb) and enter into the dark world. When they realize (h) — (post-modify the verb), it becomes too late. (i) — (pre-modify the noun) chemistry on earth can stop the change that occurs (j) — (use adverb in phrase to post-modify the verbs) of a drug addict.

45. (a) a common affair (b) Usually (c) dangerous things like (d) Generally (e) day by day (f) as a fun (g) by friends (h) the mistake (i) No (j) in case

46. Jerry was (a) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) orphan. He had been at the orphanage since he was four. He was deprived of (b) — (Pre-modify the noun) love. He wanted to get it from the authoress. He helped her in different ways. He was a freewill agent and he chose to do (c) — (Pre-modify the noun) work. If he failed to do (d) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) work, he took the responsibility without subterfuge. He did for the authoress many unnecessary things so that she might be helped. Only great persons can do (e) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) things. He was (f) — (Use intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) honest. He (g) — (Pre-modify the verb) deceived the authoress or any other person. He was (h) — (Pre-modify the adjective) courteous. His courtesy was (i) — (Pre-modify the adjective) instinctive. The authoress was very impressed by (j) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) qualities.

46. (a) an (b) motherly (c) any (d) a (e) such (f) very (g) never (h) very (i) very (j) his  

47. Mr Alom, (a) — (use an appositive), usually goes for a (b) — (use a noun adjective) walk everyday. One day while walking, he saw a man (c) — (use a participle to post-modify the noun) senseless (d) — (use prepositional phrase to post-modify the verb). He (e) — (pre-modify the verb) went nearer to the man and tried (f) — (use infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). But the man did not respond. Mr. Alam became (g) — (use an intensifier) afraid of the unwanted situation. He thought for a while and (h) — (use an ordinal number) phoned one of his friends, who was a (i) — (use a noun adjective) officer. The officer came with a police pick-up and took the man to the (j) — (pre-modify the noun) hospital.

47. (a) a retired person (b) morning (c) lying (d) on the ground (e) quickly (f) to awake (g) very (h) firstly (i) police (j) nearby  

48. Female education is (a) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) essential for the overall development of a nation. (b) — (use a participle to pre-modify), no nation can prosper. But most of the women are lagging (c) — (post-modify the noun) in education. Without female education, our (d) — (pre-modify the noun) development is not possible. Women need to be educated for (e) — (pre-modify the noun) reasons. To be a conscious citizen of the country, to be an active member of the family and society, to be a good mother or wife and to lead a self reliant better life, a woman should be educated (f) — (post-modify the verb). An (g) — (pre-modify the noun) woman is conscious of her duties, rights and responsibilities. So, we should take every necessary step (h) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) our female force. An educated woman can bring up her children (i) — (post-modify the verb). Napoleon says "Give me an educated mother and I will give you an (j) — (pre-modify the noun) nation." 

48. (a) very (b) Keeping women uneducated (c) behind (d) overall (e) many (f) properly (g) educated (h) to upgrade (i) properly (j) educated 

49. A (a) — (Pre-modify the noun) fire broke out (b) — (Post-modify the verb) at Mirpur Bazar under Titas Upzila of Comilla district. According to (c) — (Pre-modify the noun) sources, the fire originated from electric short circuit in a shop. It (d) — (Pre-modify the verb) engulfed the other adjoining shops. (e) — (Use a participle phrase to post-modify the verb), the people from the (f) — (Pre-modify the noun) village rushed to the spot to put out the fire. But the severity of the fire was (g) — (Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) high that they failed (h) — (Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). Later, the fire brigade came to the spot and after making (i) — (Pre-modify the noun) efforts for three hours managed to extinguish the fire. But, by that time, the shops with all their belongings were (j) — (Pre-modify the verb) destroyed.  

49. (a) massive (b) recently (c) reliable (d) also (e) Seeing this (f) nearby (g) so (h) to put out (i) several (j) totally

50. The impact of climate change will pose a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) threat to human existence and ecology. Temperature of the world will increase (b) — (post-modify the verb). This could catastrophically reduce (c) — (use possessive to precocity the noun) ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and thereby flood (d) — (pre-modify the noun) areas the farmland. Melting of icecaps of Polar Regions will occur for (e) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify noun) sea level rising. As a result, natural disasters like flood, cyclone, earthquake, draught etc. will (f) — (post-modify the verb) occur in the world. It is predicted that Bangladesh will lose 40% of (g) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) land to the Bay of Bengal by 2050. However, Bangladesh has already experienced the (h) — (use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) change in the recent years. Again, it is an alarming report that the southern part of Bangladesh may go under water. It will bring untold misery to the people (i) — (use present participle to post-modify the noun) in the coastal areas. So it is high time (j) — (use infinitive to post-modify the noun) attention of the world leaders to minimise carbon emission and maximise economic and technological support for the vulnerable countries like Bangladesh.

50. (a) serious (b) gradually (c) its (d) low (e) this (f) frequently (g) its (h) radical (i) living (j) to draw