Regular & Irregular Verbs
CONJUGATION OF VERBS (Regular & Irregular Verbs) Strong Verbs or Irregular Verbs Regular or Weak Verbs: Some verbs have regular past and past participle forms. They are called regular verbs, or weak verbs. Regular or Weak Verbs: The formation of past and past participle of some verbs are irregular. They are called irregular verbs, or strong verbs.
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The past and past participle of the following verbs are formed by changing some vowels.
Present (Base form) | Past form | Past participle |
abide | abode | abode |
arise | arose | arisen |
awake | awoke | awaken |
be (am, is, are) | was, were | been |
bear | bore | borne |
bear | bore | born |
become | became | become |
begin | began | begun |
behold | beheld | beheld |
beat | beat | beaten |
bid | bade | bidden/bid |
bite | bit | bitten/bit |
bind | bound | bound |
bleed | bled | bled |
breed | bred | bred |
blow | blew | blown |
break | broke | broken |
chide | chided | chidden/chid/chided |
choose | chose | chosen |
cling | clung | clung |
come | came | come |
welcome | welcomed | welcomed |
creep | crept | crept |
dig | dug | dug |
do | did | done |
draw | drew | drawn |
drink | drank | drunk |
drive | drove | driven |
eat | ate | eaten |
fall | fell | fallen |
feed | fed | fed |
fight | fought | fought |
find | found | found |
fly | flew | flown |
forbid | forbade | forbidden |
forgive | forgave | forgiven |
forget | forgot | forgotten |
forsake | forsook | forsaken |
freeze | froze | frozen |
get | got | gotten/got |
give | gave | given |
go | went | gone |
grow | grew | grown |
hang | hung | hung |
hide | hid | hidden/hid |
hold | held | held |
know | knew | known |
leave | left | left |
lie | lay | lain |
make | made | made |
meet | met | met |
mistake | mistook | mistaken |
ride | rode | ridden |
ring | rang | rung |
rise | rose | risen |
run | ran | run |
see | saw | seen |
sit | sat | sat |
sing | sang | sung |
sink | sank | sunk |
shrink | shrank | shrunk |
spring | sprang | sprung |
spin | spun/span | spun |
speak | spoke | spoken |
shake | shook | shaken |
shine | shone | shone |
shoot | shot | shot |
slay | slew | slain |
smite | smote | smote |
stand | stood | stood |
steal | stole | stolen |
stick | stuck | stuck |
strike | struck | struck |
strive | strove | stroven |
swear | swore | sworn |
swim | swam | swum |
take | took | taken |
tear | tore | torn |
throw | threw | thrown |
tread | trod | trodden |
wake | woke | waken |
wear | wore | worn |
weave | wove | woven |
win | won | won |
write | wrote | written |
withhold | withheld | withheld |
withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn |
The present, past and past participle of the following verbs are same.
Present (Base form) | Past form | Past participle |
bet | bet | bet |
bid | bid | bid |
broadcast | broadcast | broadcast |
burst | burst | burst |
cast | cast | cast |
cost | cost | cost |
cut | cut | cut |
hit | hit | hit |
hurt | hurt | hurt |
let | let | let |
put | put | put |
quit | quit | quit |
read | read | read |
set | set | set |
shut | shut | shut |
spread | spread | spread |
spit | spit | spit |
thrust | thrust | thrust |
telecast | telecast | telecast |
beat | beat | beat |
Week verbs or Regular verbs
The past and past participle of regular verbs are formed by adding the suffix -ed.
Present (Base form) | Past form | Past participle |
add | added | added |
allow | allowed | allowed |
appear | appeared | appeared |
ask | asked | asked |
boil | boiled | boiled |
borrow | borrowed | borrowed |
cheer | cheered | cheered |
clean | cleaned | cleaned |
climb | climbed | climbed |
delay | delayed | delayed |
discuss | discussed | discussed |
dream | dreamed/dreamt | dreamed/dreamt |
end | ended | ended |
enjoy | enjoyed | enjoyed |
fail | failed | failed |
fill | filled | filled |
fix | fixed | fixed |
flow | flowed | flowed |
folow | folowed | folowed |
hang | hanged | hanged |
help | helped | helped |
jump | jumped | jumped |
kill | killed | killed |
laugh | laughed | laughed |
load | loaded | loaded |
lock | locked | locked |
look | looked | looked |
mend | mended | mended |
need | needed | needed |
obey | obeyed | obeyed |
own | owned | owned |
pass | passed | passed |
paint | painted | painted |
play | played | played |
pull | pulled | pulled |
push | pushed | pushed |
punish | punished | punished |
rain | rained | rained |
reach | reached | reached |
rear | reared | reared |
sew | sewed | sewed |
sow | sowed | sowed |
show | showed | showed |
stay | stayed | stayed |
stroke | stroked | stroked |
thank | thanked | thanked |
wait | waited | waited |
walk | walked | walked |
wash | washed | washed |
wish | wished | wished |
work | worked | worked |
If the regular verb ends in -e, we simply add -d.
Present (Base form) | Past form | Past participle |
agree | agreed | agreed |
advise | advised | advised |
arrive | arrived | arrived |
arrange | arranged | arranged |
care | cared | cared |
change | changed | changed |
charge | charged | charged |
close | closed | closed |
compare | compared | compared |
compete | competed | competed |
dare | dared | dared |
dance | danced | danced |
die | died | died |
divide | divided | divided |
gaze | gazed | gazed |
hate | hated | hated |
hope | hoped | hoped |
lie | lied | lied |
live | lived | lived |
loose | loosed | loosed |
love | loved | loved |
move | moved | moved |
place | placed | placed |
The following verbs needs extra care and attention.
flee | fled | fled |
have | had | had |
hear | heard | heard |
sell | sold | sold |
tell | told | told |
If a verb ends with a single vowel + a single consonant, the last consonant is doubled.
Present (Base form) | Past form | Past participle |
beg | begged | begged |
cancel | cancelled | cancelled |
drop | dropped | dropped |
hop | hopped | hopped |
emit | emitted | emitted |
nod | nodded | nodded |
pat | patted | patted |
plan | planned | planned |
refer | referred | referred |
rub | rubbed | rubbed |
stop | stopped | stopped |
travel | travelled | travelled |
quarrel | quarreled | quarreled |
If a verb ends with a consonant + y, ‘y’ is changed to ‘i' and -ed is added.
Present (Base form) | Past form | Past participle |
bury | buried | buried |
carry | carried | carried |
cry | cried | cried |
dry | dried | dried |
fry | fried | fried |
try | tried | tried |
hurry | hurried | hurried |
marry | married | married |
lay | laid | laid |
pay | paid | paid |
say | said | said |
enjoy | enjoyed | enjoyed |
The past and past participle forms of some verbs end in ‘t’.
Present (Base form) | Past form | Past participle |
bend | bent | bent |
build | built | built |
burn | burnt | burnt |
buy | bought | bought |
catch | caught | caught |
fight | fought | fought |
deal | dealt | dealt |
dream | dreamt | dreamt |
dwell | dwelt | dwelt |
feel | felt | felt |
keep | kept | kept |
kneel | knelt | knelt |
learn | learnt | learnt |
leave | left | left |
lend | lent | lent |
lose | lost | lost |
mean | meant | meant |
seek | sought | sought |
send | sent | sent |
sleep | slept | slept |
smell | smelt | smelt |
spell | spelt | spelt |
spend | spent | spent |
sweep | swept | swept |
teach | taught | taught |
think | thought | thought |
weep | wept | wept |