Regular & Irregular Verbs
CONJUGATION OF VERBS (Regular & Irregular Verbs) Strong Verbs or Irregular Verbs Regular or Weak Verbs: Some verbs have regular past and past participle forms. They are called regular verbs, or weak verbs. Regular or Weak Verbs: The formation of past and past participle of some verbs are irregular. They are called irregular verbs, or strong verbs.
The past and past participle of the following verbs are formed by changing some vowels.
Present (Base form) | Past form | Past participle |
abide | abode | abode |
arise | arose | arisen |
awake | awoke | awaken |
be (am, is, are) | was, were | been |
bear | bore | borne |
bear | bore | born |
become | became | become |
begin | began | begun |
behold | beheld | beheld |
beat | beat | beaten |
bid | bade | bidden/bid |
bite | bit | bitten/bit |
bind | bound | bound |
bleed | bled | bled |
breed | bred | bred |
blow | blew | blown |
break | broke | broken |
chide | chided | chidden/chid/chided |
choose | chose | chosen |
cling | clung | clung |
come | came | come |
welcome | welcomed | welcomed |
creep | crept | crept |
dig | dug | dug |
do | did | done |
draw | drew | drawn |
drink | drank | drunk |
drive | drove | driven |
eat | ate | eaten |
fall | fell | fallen |
feed | fed | fed |
fight | fought | fought |
find | found | found |
fly | flew | flown |
forbid | forbade | forbidden |
forgive | forgave | forgiven |
forget | forgot | forgotten |
forsake | forsook | forsaken |
freeze | froze | frozen |
get | got | gotten/got |
give | gave | given |
go | went | gone |
grow | grew | grown |
hang | hung | hung |
hide | hid | hidden/hid |
hold | held | held |
know | knew | known |
leave | left | left |
lie | lay | lain |
make | made | made |
meet | met | met |
mistake | mistook | mistaken |
ride | rode | ridden |
ring | rang | rung |
rise | rose | risen |
run | ran | run |
see | saw | seen |
sit | sat | sat |
sing | sang | sung |
sink | sank | sunk |
shrink | shrank | shrunk |
spring | sprang | sprung |
spin | spun/span | spun |
speak | spoke | spoken |
shake | shook | shaken |
shine | shone | shone |
shoot | shot | shot |
slay | slew | slain |
smite | smote | smote |
stand | stood | stood |
steal | stole | stolen |
stick | stuck | stuck |
strike | struck | struck |
strive | strove | stroven |
swear | swore | sworn |
swim | swam | swum |
take | took | taken |
tear | tore | torn |
throw | threw | thrown |
tread | trod | trodden |
wake | woke | waken |
wear | wore | worn |
weave | wove | woven |
win | won | won |
write | wrote | written |
withhold | withheld | withheld |
withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn |
The present, past and past participle of the following verbs are same.
Present (Base form) | Past form | Past participle |
bet | bet | bet |
bid | bid | bid |
broadcast | broadcast | broadcast |
burst | burst | burst |
cast | cast | cast |
cost | cost | cost |
cut | cut | cut |
hit | hit | hit |
hurt | hurt | hurt |
let | let | let |
put | put | put |
quit | quit | quit |
read | read | read |
set | set | set |
shut | shut | shut |
spread | spread | spread |
spit | spit | spit |
thrust | thrust | thrust |
telecast | telecast | telecast |
beat | beat | beat |
Week verbs or Regular verbs
The past and past participle of regular verbs are formed by adding the suffix -ed.
Present (Base form) | Past form | Past participle |
add | added | added |
allow | allowed | allowed |
appear | appeared | appeared |
ask | asked | asked |
boil | boiled | boiled |
borrow | borrowed | borrowed |
cheer | cheered | cheered |
clean | cleaned | cleaned |
climb | climbed | climbed |
delay | delayed | delayed |
discuss | discussed | discussed |
dream | dreamed/dreamt | dreamed/dreamt |
end | ended | ended |
enjoy | enjoyed | enjoyed |
fail | failed | failed |
fill | filled | filled |
fix | fixed | fixed |
flow | flowed | flowed |
folow | folowed | folowed |
hang | hanged | hanged |
help | helped | helped |
jump | jumped | jumped |
kill | killed | killed |
laugh | laughed | laughed |
load | loaded | loaded |
lock | locked | locked |
look | looked | looked |
mend | mended | mended |
need | needed | needed |
obey | obeyed | obeyed |
own | owned | owned |
pass | passed | passed |
paint | painted | painted |
play | played | played |
pull | pulled | pulled |
push | pushed | pushed |
punish | punished | punished |
rain | rained | rained |
reach | reached | reached |
rear | reared | reared |
sew | sewed | sewed |
sow | sowed | sowed |
show | showed | showed |
stay | stayed | stayed |
stroke | stroked | stroked |
thank | thanked | thanked |
wait | waited | waited |
walk | walked | walked |
wash | washed | washed |
wish | wished | wished |
work | worked | worked |
If the regular verb ends in -e, we simply add -d.
Present (Base form) | Past form | Past participle |
agree | agreed | agreed |
advise | advised | advised |
arrive | arrived | arrived |
arrange | arranged | arranged |
care | cared | cared |
change | changed | changed |
charge | charged | charged |
close | closed | closed |
compare | compared | compared |
compete | competed | competed |
dare | dared | dared |
dance | danced | danced |
die | died | died |
divide | divided | divided |
gaze | gazed | gazed |
hate | hated | hated |
hope | hoped | hoped |
lie | lied | lied |
live | lived | lived |
loose | loosed | loosed |
love | loved | loved |
move | moved | moved |
place | placed | placed |
The following verbs needs extra care and attention.
flee | fled | fled |
have | had | had |
hear | heard | heard |
sell | sold | sold |
tell | told | told |
If a verb ends with a single vowel + a single consonant, the last consonant is doubled.
Present (Base form) | Past form | Past participle |
beg | begged | begged |
cancel | cancelled | cancelled |
drop | dropped | dropped |
hop | hopped | hopped |
emit | emitted | emitted |
nod | nodded | nodded |
pat | patted | patted |
plan | planned | planned |
refer | referred | referred |
rub | rubbed | rubbed |
stop | stopped | stopped |
travel | travelled | travelled |
quarrel | quarreled | quarreled |
If a verb ends with a consonant + y, ‘y’ is changed to ‘i' and -ed is added.
Present (Base form) | Past form | Past participle |
bury | buried | buried |
carry | carried | carried |
cry | cried | cried |
dry | dried | dried |
fry | fried | fried |
try | tried | tried |
hurry | hurried | hurried |
marry | married | married |
lay | laid | laid |
pay | paid | paid |
say | said | said |
enjoy | enjoyed | enjoyed |
The past and past participle forms of some verbs end in ‘t’.
Present (Base form) | Past form | Past participle |
bend | bent | bent |
build | built | built |
burn | burnt | burnt |
buy | bought | bought |
catch | caught | caught |
fight | fought | fought |
deal | dealt | dealt |
dream | dreamt | dreamt |
dwell | dwelt | dwelt |
feel | felt | felt |
keep | kept | kept |
kneel | knelt | knelt |
learn | learnt | learnt |
leave | left | left |
lend | lent | lent |
lose | lost | lost |
mean | meant | meant |
seek | sought | sought |
send | sent | sent |
sleep | slept | slept |
smell | smelt | smelt |
spell | spelt | spelt |
spend | spent | spent |
sweep | swept | swept |
teach | taught | taught |
think | thought | thought |
weep | wept | wept |